Mark Simpson is Lecturer in Law at Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, UK.

• 1. Introduction: Social Citizenship in an Age of Welfare Regionalism Introduction Social Citizenship Social Security and Multi-level Governance The Social Union and Welfare Regionalism Enter CoronavirusA Socio-legal Study of Social Citizenship Structure of the Book 2. A Socio-legal Perspective on Social Citizenship Introduction Marshall’s Theory of Citizenship: From Civil Rights to a ‘Right to Welfare’ Sources of Rights: Why Citizenship? On the Nature and Enforceability of Social Rights Conclusion 3. Social Citizenship and Multi-level Governance Introduction Social Citizenship and Multi-level Governance The Welfare State in the UK’s Devolution Settlement Towards Devolved Approaches to Social Security Conclusion 4. Twenty-first-century Welfare and the UK Model of Social Citizenship Introduction The Legislative Development of the Twenty-first-century Welfare State Implications for Social Citizenship Social Citizenship in a Pandemic Conclusion 5. Constructing Devolved Social Citizenships: Divergence from the UK Model of Social Security Introduction A Devolved-level Vision for Social Citizenship? Developing Social Security Policy and Systems Divergence in Devolved Social Security Benefits Administration, Service Delivery and Culture Conclusion 6. Rights and ‘Fairness’ in UK and Devolved Social Citizenships Introduction Human Rights and UK Social Security Human Rights in Devolved Social Security Fairness – To Whom? Conclusion 7. The Foundations of Devolved Social Citizenships Introduction Socio-economic Factors Ideological Factors Institutional Factors Conclusion 8. Social Citizenship and the Constitutional Future of the UK: Welfare Unionism, Nationalism and Regionalism Introduction Which Nation? National Identity as Ideological Identity Welfare Unionism, Nationalism and Regionalism An ‘Enduring Settlement’ Achieved? Conclusion 9. Towards Devolved Social Citizenships: How Far Have We Come and Where Are We Going? Introduction Scotland: From Principles to Practice Northern Ireland: Commitment to Parity Wanes, the Practice of Parity RemainsForces for Parity Policy Learning between Northern Ireland and Scotland Conclusion 10. Conclusion: The State of the Social Union Introduction Trajectories in Social Citizenship(s) A Vision for Social Citizenship – Or Visions for Social Citizenships? Still a UK Social Security System? The Social Union and the Political Union Marshall’s Theory of Citizenship in a Regionalised Welfare State Reflections

Whatever the outcome of current constitutional debates, the questions raised by devolution for social citizenship in general and social security in particular are likely to grow increasingly pertinent. This book provides a valuable signpost to the theoretical and policy issues it poses.