Jonathan R. Cole is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University at Columbia University, where he was provost and dean of faculties from 1989 to 2003. His scholarly work has focused on the development of the sociology of science and on the American research university. Cole is the author or editor of a dozen books, including The Great American University (2012) and Toward a More Perfect University (2016).

• AcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I. Values and Rewards in Science1. Scientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science (1967), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole2. Visibility and Structural Bases of Awareness in Science (1968), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole3. Patterns of Intellectual Influence in Scientific Research (1970), by Jonathan R. Cole4. Measuring the Quality of Sociological Research: Problems in the Use of the Science Citation Index (1971), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole5. The Emergence of a Scientific Specialty: The Self-Exemplifying Case of the Sociology of Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman6. The Reputations of American Medical Schools (1977), by Jonathan R. Cole and James Lipton7. Age and Scientific Performance (1979), by Stephen Cole8. Balancing Acts: Dilemmas of Choice Facing Research Universities (1993), by Jonathan R. Cole9. Robert K. Merton, 1910–2003 (2004), by Jonathan R. Cole10. Why Elite-College Admissions Need an Overhaul (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole11. The Pillaging of America’s State Universities (2016), by Jonathan R. ColePart II. Freedom and Unfreedom: The Case of Women in Science12. Women in American Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman13. Women in Science (1981), by Jonathan R. Cole14. The Productivity Puzzle: Persistence and Change in Patterns of Publication of Men and Women Scientists (1984), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman15. Marriage, Motherhood, and Research Performance in Science (1987), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman16. A Theory of Limited Differences: Explaining the Productivity Puzzle in Science (1991), by Jonathan R. Cole and Burton Singer17. Freedom Gained and Freedom Lost in American Science (2022), by Jonathan R. Cole and Daria FranklinPart III. Consensus in Science: Judgment and Choices18. Peer Review and the Support of Science (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole, Stephen Cole, and Leonard Rubin19. The “Ortega” Hypothesis (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole20. Chance and Consensus in Peer Review (1981), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary Simon21. NSF Peer Review Continued (1982), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary A. Simon22. Experts’ Consensus and Decision-Making at the National Science Foundation (1985), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole23. Testing the Ortega Hypothesis: Milestone or Millstone? (1987), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole24. Dietary Cholesterol and Heart Disease: The Construction of a Medical “Fact” (1988), by Jonathan R. Cole25. Two Cultures Revisited (1996), by Jonathan R. Cole26. Intellectual Diversity in the United States: To What End? (2006), by Jonathan R. ColePart IV. Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry: The Enabling Value27. The Patriot Act on Campus: Defending the University after 9/11 (2003), by Jonathan R. Cole28. Academic Freedom under Fire (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole29. The New McCarthyism (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole30. Defending Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry (2009), by Jonathan R. Cole31. The Chilling Effect of Fear at America’s Colleges (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole32. The Triumph of America’s Research University (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole33. Academic Freedom as an Indicator of a Liberal Democracy (2017), by Jonathan R. Cole34. Academic Freedom under Fire (2021), by Jonathan R. ColeIndex

Jonathan Cole played a vital role in the Merton program in the sociology of science. He also was one of the most influential U.S. university administrators, shaping the intellectual landscape at Columbia University and other institutions, and in recent years he has become one of the most important voices defending universities. This book draws together the most important papers he has written or cowritten in all these areas, with a strong introduction that is part memoir and partly an explanation of how these varied topics fit together.

Jonathan R. Cole is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University at Columbia University, where he was provost and dean of faculties from 1989 to 2003. His scholarly work has focused on the development of the sociology of science and on the American research university. Cole is the author or editor of a dozen books, including The Great American University (2012) and Toward a More Perfect University (2016).

• AcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I. Values and Rewards in Science1. Scientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science (1967), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole2. Visibility and Structural Bases of Awareness in Science (1968), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole3. Patterns of Intellectual Influence in Scientific Research (1970), by Jonathan R. Cole4. Measuring the Quality of Sociological Research: Problems in the Use of the Science Citation Index (1971), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole5. The Emergence of a Scientific Specialty: The Self-Exemplifying Case of the Sociology of Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman6. The Reputations of American Medical Schools (1977), by Jonathan R. Cole and James Lipton7. Age and Scientific Performance (1979), by Stephen Cole8. Balancing Acts: Dilemmas of Choice Facing Research Universities (1993), by Jonathan R. Cole9. Robert K. Merton, 1910–2003 (2004), by Jonathan R. Cole10. Why Elite-College Admissions Need an Overhaul (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole11. The Pillaging of America’s State Universities (2016), by Jonathan R. ColePart II. Freedom and Unfreedom: The Case of Women in Science12. Women in American Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman13. Women in Science (1981), by Jonathan R. Cole14. The Productivity Puzzle: Persistence and Change in Patterns of Publication of Men and Women Scientists (1984), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman15. Marriage, Motherhood, and Research Performance in Science (1987), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman16. A Theory of Limited Differences: Explaining the Productivity Puzzle in Science (1991), by Jonathan R. Cole and Burton Singer17. Freedom Gained and Freedom Lost in American Science (2022), by Jonathan R. Cole and Daria FranklinPart III. Consensus in Science: Judgment and Choices18. Peer Review and the Support of Science (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole, Stephen Cole, and Leonard Rubin19. The “Ortega” Hypothesis (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole20. Chance and Consensus in Peer Review (1981), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary Simon21. NSF Peer Review Continued (1982), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary A. Simon22. Experts’ Consensus and Decision-Making at the National Science Foundation (1985), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole23. Testing the Ortega Hypothesis: Milestone or Millstone? (1987), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole24. Dietary Cholesterol and Heart Disease: The Construction of a Medical “Fact” (1988), by Jonathan R. Cole25. Two Cultures Revisited (1996), by Jonathan R. Cole26. Intellectual Diversity in the United States: To What End? (2006), by Jonathan R. ColePart IV. Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry: The Enabling Value27. The Patriot Act on Campus: Defending the University after 9/11 (2003), by Jonathan R. Cole28. Academic Freedom under Fire (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole29. The New McCarthyism (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole30. Defending Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry (2009), by Jonathan R. Cole31. The Chilling Effect of Fear at America’s Colleges (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole32. The Triumph of America’s Research University (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole33. Academic Freedom as an Indicator of a Liberal Democracy (2017), by Jonathan R. Cole34. Academic Freedom under Fire (2021), by Jonathan R. ColeIndex

Jonathan Cole played a vital role in the Merton program in the sociology of science. He also was one of the most influential U.S. university administrators, shaping the intellectual landscape at Columbia University and other institutions, and in recent years he has become one of the most important voices defending universities. This book draws together the most important papers he has written or cowritten in all these areas, with a strong introduction that is part memoir and partly an explanation of how these varied topics fit together.

Jonathan R. Cole is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University at Columbia University, where he was provost and dean of faculties from 1989 to 2003. His scholarly work has focused on the development of the sociology of science and on the American research university. Cole is the author or editor of a dozen books, including The Great American University (2012) and Toward a More Perfect University (2016).

• AcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I. Values and Rewards in Science1. Scientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science (1967), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole2. Visibility and Structural Bases of Awareness in Science (1968), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole3. Patterns of Intellectual Influence in Scientific Research (1970), by Jonathan R. Cole4. Measuring the Quality of Sociological Research: Problems in the Use of the Science Citation Index (1971), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole5. The Emergence of a Scientific Specialty: The Self-Exemplifying Case of the Sociology of Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman6. The Reputations of American Medical Schools (1977), by Jonathan R. Cole and James Lipton7. Age and Scientific Performance (1979), by Stephen Cole8. Balancing Acts: Dilemmas of Choice Facing Research Universities (1993), by Jonathan R. Cole9. Robert K. Merton, 1910–2003 (2004), by Jonathan R. Cole10. Why Elite-College Admissions Need an Overhaul (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole11. The Pillaging of America’s State Universities (2016), by Jonathan R. ColePart II. Freedom and Unfreedom: The Case of Women in Science12. Women in American Science (1975), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman13. Women in Science (1981), by Jonathan R. Cole14. The Productivity Puzzle: Persistence and Change in Patterns of Publication of Men and Women Scientists (1984), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman15. Marriage, Motherhood, and Research Performance in Science (1987), by Jonathan R. Cole and Harriet Zuckerman16. A Theory of Limited Differences: Explaining the Productivity Puzzle in Science (1991), by Jonathan R. Cole and Burton Singer17. Freedom Gained and Freedom Lost in American Science (2022), by Jonathan R. Cole and Daria FranklinPart III. Consensus in Science: Judgment and Choices18. Peer Review and the Support of Science (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole, Stephen Cole, and Leonard Rubin19. The “Ortega” Hypothesis (1972), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole20. Chance and Consensus in Peer Review (1981), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary Simon21. NSF Peer Review Continued (1982), by Stephen Cole, Jonathan R. Cole, and Gary A. Simon22. Experts’ Consensus and Decision-Making at the National Science Foundation (1985), by Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole23. Testing the Ortega Hypothesis: Milestone or Millstone? (1987), by Stephen Cole and Jonathan R. Cole24. Dietary Cholesterol and Heart Disease: The Construction of a Medical “Fact” (1988), by Jonathan R. Cole25. Two Cultures Revisited (1996), by Jonathan R. Cole26. Intellectual Diversity in the United States: To What End? (2006), by Jonathan R. ColePart IV. Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry: The Enabling Value27. The Patriot Act on Campus: Defending the University after 9/11 (2003), by Jonathan R. Cole28. Academic Freedom under Fire (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole29. The New McCarthyism (2005), by Jonathan R. Cole30. Defending Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry (2009), by Jonathan R. Cole31. The Chilling Effect of Fear at America’s Colleges (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole32. The Triumph of America’s Research University (2016), by Jonathan R. Cole33. Academic Freedom as an Indicator of a Liberal Democracy (2017), by Jonathan R. Cole34. Academic Freedom under Fire (2021), by Jonathan R. ColeIndex

Jonathan Cole played a vital role in the Merton program in the sociology of science. He also was one of the most influential U.S. university administrators, shaping the intellectual landscape at Columbia University and other institutions, and in recent years he has become one of the most important voices defending universities. This book draws together the most important papers he has written or cowritten in all these areas, with a strong introduction that is part memoir and partly an explanation of how these varied topics fit together.