Smith's Textbook of Endourology, 2 Volume Set

THE EDITORS ARTHUR D. SMITH, MD, Chairman Emeritus, The Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA GLENN M. PREMINGER, MD, Professor of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA LOUIS R. KAVOUSSI, MD, Chairman of Urology, The Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA GOPAL H. BADLANI, MD, Professor of Urology and Gynecology, Vice Chair Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

• List of ContributorsForewordPrefaceAbout the Companion WebsiteVolume 1Section 1 Basic Principles1 Care and Sterilization of InstrumentsCarol Olsen2 Radiation Safety During Diagnosis and TreatmentYasser A. Noureldin & Sero Andonian3 Enhanced Endoscopic ImagingGhalib A. Jibara & Michael E. Lipkin4 Preoperative Antibiotics and Prevention of Sepsis in Urologic Endoscopic SurgeryManish N. Patel & Jorge Gutierrez-Aceves5 Management of the Anticoagulated PatientZeph OkekeSection 2 Percutaneous Renal SurgeryPart 1 Perioperative Considerations6 Surgical Anatomy of the Kidney for Endourological ProceduresFrancisco J.B. Sampaio7 Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems for Percutaneous NephrolithotomyRoshan Patel, Daniel J. Lama, & Zhamshid Okhunov8 Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract ObstructionFrederick A. Gulmi & Diane Felsen9 Organizing the Endourological Operating RoomRavindra B. Sabnis, Abhishek Singh, & Shashikant Mishra10 Endoscopic Training/SimulationZichen Zhao & Robert M. SweetPart 2 Patient Positioning for Percutaneous Access11 Patient Positioning, the Supine Position, and the Rationale of ECIRSCesare M. Scoffone & Cecilia M. Cracco12 Prone, Lateral, and Flexed: Patient Positioning for Percutaneous NephrolithotomyRobert J. Sowerby, A. Andrew Ray, & R. John D’A. HoneyPart 3 Imaging for Access13 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under Fluoroscopic ControlNorberto O. Bernardo & Maximiliano Lopez Silva14 Dyna-CT-Guided versus Standard CT-Guided Renal AccessManuel Ritter & Maurice-Stephan Michel15 Endoscopically Guided Percutaneous Renal AccessZhamshid Okhunov, Kamaljot S. Kaler, Simone Vernez, Rahul Dutta, Jaime Landman, & Ralph V. Clayman16 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under UltrasoundMahesh R. Desai & Arvind P. Ganpule17 New Concepts of Renal Access: iPad, GPS, and OthersEstevao Lima, Pedro L. Rodrigues, Marie-Claire Rassweiler-Seyfried, & Joao L. VilacaPart 4 Selection of Access and Dilation18 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Upper Pole AccessDavis P. Viprakasit & Nicole L. Miller19 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Without Image GuidanceArthur D. Smith20 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access: RoboticMichelle Jo Semins, Dan Stoianovici, & Brian R. Matlaga21 Dilation of the Nephrostomy TractPeter AlkenPart 5 Stone Removal22 Rigid and Flexible NephroscopyTimothy Y. Tran & Mantu Gupta23 Percutaneous Antegrade UreteroscopyBurak Turna, Umit Eskidemir, & Oktay Nazli24 Small-caliber Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini, UMP, and Micro-PercJanak D. Desai & Arkadiusz Miernik25 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Special Problems with StaghornsMonica A. Farcas & Kenneth T. Pace26 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Stone Extraction and LithotripsySamir Derisavifard & Arthur D. Smith27 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in ChildrenAdam S. Howe, Jordan S. Gitlin, & R. John D’A. HoneyPart 6 Other Uses of Nephrostomy Access28 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy of Calyceal Diverticula, Infundibular Stenosis, and Simple CystsNadya E. York & James E. Lingeman29 Percutaneous Instillation of Chemolytic, Chemotherapeutic, and Antifungal AgentsMohamed A. Elkoushy, Philippe D. Violette, & Sero Andonian30 Percutaneous Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction ObstructionMichael W. Sourial, Bodo E. Knudsen, & Paul J. Van Cangh31 Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial CarcinomaShu Pan & Piruz MotamediniaPart 7 Exit Strategy and Complications32 The Access-related Complications of Percutaneous NephrolithotomyVinaya Vasudevan, Zeph Okeke, & Arthur D. Smith33 Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with Percutaneous NephrolithotomySriram V. Eleswarapu & David A. Leavitt34 Diagnosis and Management of Thoracic Complications of Percutaneous Renal SurgeryJohn R. Bell & Stephen Y. Nakada35 Bowel and Other Organ Injuries with Percutaneous NephrolithotomyJohn J. Knoedler, Matthew T. Gettman, & Chad J. Fleming36 Exit Strategies After Percutaneous NephrolithotomyDamien M. Bolton & Derek B. Hennessey37 Problems with Residual StonesNoah E. Canvasser & Margaret S. PearleSection 3 UreteroscopyPart 1 General Principles38 Ureteral AnatomyGary Faerber, Amir H. Lebastchi, & Rita P. Jen39 Rigid UreteroscopesOmar M. Aboumarzouk & Francis X. Keeley, Jr.40 Flexible UreteroscopesVincent G. Bird & John M. Shields41 Rigid Ureteroscope with Flexible Tip and Special InstrumentationYinghao Sun & Xiaofeng Gao42 Digital UreteroscopesMurat Binbay & Burak Ucpinar43 Ureteroscopy Working InstrumentsRenato N. Pedro & Manoj Monga44 Access to the Ureter: Rigid UreteroscopyJose De La Cerda, III & Timothy Y. Tseng45 Access to the Ureter: Flexible UreteroscopyOjas Shah & Mark V. Silva46 Ureteroscopy Energy SourcesDaniel A. Wollin & Glenn M. Preminger47 Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral CalculiCharles U. Nottingham, Melanie A. Adamsky, Richard J. Fantus, & Glenn S. Gerber48 Ureteroscopic Management of Renal CalculiSteeve Doizi & Olivier Traxer49 Diagnostic UreteroscopyHendrik Heers & Benjamin W. Turney50 Ureteroscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract NeoplasmsScott G. Hubosky & Demetrius H. BagleyPart 2 Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral Obstruction51 Retrograde EndopyelotomyWeil R. Lai & Raju Thomas52 Endoscopic Management of Mid-ureteral ObstructionSamuel Abourbih & D. Duane Baldwin53 Endoscopic Management of Distal Ureteral StricturesMichael Zhang, Ali Fathollahi, Joel Hillesohn, & Majid Eshghi54 Endoscopic Management of Ureteroenteric StricturesThomas Masterson & Robert Marcovich55 Ureterorenoscopy: Ureteral Stents and Postoperative CareBen H. Chew, Anthony Emmott, Dirk Lange, & Ryan F. Paterson56 Ureteroscopy ComplicationsJoel E. Abbott & Roger L. Sur57 Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in the Future: RoboticsAnup PatelSection 4 Shock-Wave Lithotripsy58 Physics of Shock-wave LithotripsyAndreas Neisius & Pei Zhong59 Lithotripsy SystemsGeert G. Tailly60 Shock-wave Lithotripsy of Renal CalculiBrian H. Eisner & Naren Nimmagadda61 Shock-wave Lithotripsy of Ureteral CalculiThomas Tailly & Hassan Razvi62 Complications of Shock-wave LithotripsyChristian Turk & Aleš PetřikSection 5 Stone Management in UrologyPart 1 General Principles63 Natural History of StonesJohann P. Ingimarsson & Amy E. Krambeck64 Initial Choice of Therapy in the Stone PatientPeter L. Steinberg & David M. Hoenig65 Management of Urolithiasis in PregnancyHusain Alenezi & John D. Denstedt66 Management of Renal Colic and Triage in the Emergency DepartmentMarius C. ConradiePart 2 Management of Stones in Abnormal Situations67 Management of Stones in Horseshoe KidneysChandra Shekhar Biyani & Adrian D. Joyce68 Pelvic KidneysWin Shun Lai, Vidhush K. Yarlagadda, & Dean G. Assimos69 Management of Stone Disease in Renal Transplant KidneysBrian Duty & Michael Lam70 Stones in Urinary DiversionsBodo E. Knudsen & Michael W. Sourial71 Management of Stones in ObesityOmer L. Tuncay & Cenk AcarPart 3 Cost-effectiveness and Long-term Stenting72 Cost-effective Strategies for Stone ManagementJustin I. Friedlander & Eric M. Ghiraldi73 Long-term Stenting of the UreterPanagiotis Kallidonis, Wissam Kamal, Dimitrios Kotsiris, Dimitrios Karnabatidis, & Evangelos LiatsikosVolume 2Section 6 Laparoscopy and Robotic SurgeryPart 1 General Principles74 New Surgical RoboticsAlabdulaali Ibrahim & Koon Ho Rha75 Training and Credentialing Laparoscopic and Robotic SurgeryDomenico Veneziano & David M. Hananel76 Patient Preparation and Operating Room Setup for Laparoscopic and Robotic SurgeryWeil R. Lai & Benjamin R. Lee77 Patient Preparation and Operating Room Setup for Robotic SurgeryDima Raskolnikov, Mahir Maruf, & Arvin K. George78 Physiologic Considerations in Laparoscopic and Robotic SurgeryAdam G. Kaplan & Michael N. Ferrandino79 Anesthetic Management During Laparoscopic/Robotic SurgeryJudith Aronsohn, Oonagh Dowling, & Greg PalleschiPart 2 Instrumentation, Access, and Exit80 Laparoscopic Surgery: Basic InstrumentationOrnob Roy81 Robotic Surgery: Basic Instrumentation and TroubleshootingWooju Jeong, Mouafak Tourojman, & Craig G. Rogers82 Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Techniques: Suture, Staple, and Clip TechnologyAli Abdel Raheem & Koon Ho Rha83 Transperitoneal Access and Trocar PlacementAngelo Territo & Alberto Breda84 Retroperitoneal Access and Trocar PlacementLambros Stamatakis & Soroush Rais-Bahrami85 Basic Hand-assisted Laparoscopic TechniquesSapan N. Ambani & J. Stuart Wolf, Jr.86 Laparoscopic Exit: Specimen Removal, Closure, and DrainageFernando J. Kim, Riccardo Autorino, & Rodrigo Donalisio da SilvaPart 3 Complications87 Complications in Urologic LaparoscopyDavid Canes, Camilo Giedelman, & Rene J. Sotelo88 Complications of Laparoscopy Including RoboticsFriedrich-Carl von Rundstedt, Marcelo Chen, & Richard E. LinkPart 4 Laparoscopy/Robotics for Malignant Disease89 Pelvic LymphadenectomyMarc D. Manganiello & Andrew A. Wagner90 Endoscopic Subcutaneous Modified Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the PenisJay T. Bishoff & Kefu Du91 Laparoscopic and Robotic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node DissectionJames R. Porter92 Laparoscopic Radical NephrectomySimpa S. Salami93 Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Advancements and InnovationsSameer Chopra, Mehar Bains, & Inderbir S. Gill94 Intraoperative Assessment of Tumor Resection MarginsIlan Z. Kafka & Timothy D. Averch95 Laparoscopic Radical NephroureterectomyWayland J. Wu & Jessica E. Kreshover96 Laparoscopic and Robotic Radical Cystectomy in Males and FemalesDouglas S. Scherr, David M. Golombos, & Abimbola Ayangbesan97 Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Partial CystectomyManish A. Vira & Paras H. Shah98 Laparoscopic Cystoprostatectomy with Intracorporeal Ileal ConduitAlvin C. Goh, Brian J. Miles, & Arun Rai99 Laparoscopic/Robotic Continent DiversionChristopher R. Reynolds & Ashok K. Hemal100 Laparoscopic Radical ProstatectomyJens Rassweiler, Giovannalberto Pini, Marcel Fiedler, Ali Serdar Goezen, & Dogu Teber101 Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical ProstatectomyZeyad Schwen & Misop Han102 Optimizing Outcomes During Laparoscopic and Robot-assisted Radical ProstatectomyMatthew Goland-Van Ryn, Daniel Rosen, Thomas Bessede, & Ashutosh TewariPart 5 Laparoscopy/Robotics for Benign Disease103 Laparoscopic and Robotic Reconstructive Ureteral Surgery: Basic PrinciplesAaron C. Weinberg, Yuka Yamaguchi, Lee C. Zhao, & Michael D. Stifelman104 Laparoscopic Applications to Renal Calculus DiseaseChristopher S. Han & Sammy E. Elsamra105 Laparoscopic Treatment of Renal Cysts and DiverticulaSalvatore Micali, Eugenio Martorana, Giacomo Maria Pirola, & Giampaolo Bianchi106 Laparoscopic and Robotic Techniques for Management of Pelvic Organ ProlapseSandeep Gurram & Farzeen Firoozi107 Laparoscopic and Robotic Techniques for Repair of Female Genitourinary FistulasChad Baxter & Vishnukamal Golla108 Laparoscopic, Laparoendoscopic Single-site, and Robot-assisted Living Donor NephrectomyGanesh Sivarajan & Ravi Munver109 Robotic Kidney TransplantationRajesh Ahlawat, Sohrab Arora, & Mani Menon110 Minimally Invasive Surgery for Benign Prostate Disease: Laparoscopic and Robotic TechniquesMark Ferretti, Amul Bhalodi, & John Phillips111 Laparoscopic AdrenalectomyTadashi Matsuda, Hidefumi Kinoshita, Yoshihide Kawasaki, & Akira Miyajima112 Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Seminal VesiclesEric H. Kim, R. Sherburne Figenshau, & Gerald L. Andriole113 Modern Techniques in Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: a Guide for the Practicing EndourologistDouglas K. Held114 Robot-assisted Vasectomy ReversalParviz K. KavoussiPart 6 Laparoscopy/Robotics in Children115 Laparoscopic Considerations in ChildrenRajeev Chaudhry, Michelle Yu, & Michael C. Ost116 Laparoscopic and Robotic Pyeloplasty in ChildrenKai-wen Chuang117 Lower Ureteral Reconstruction: Robotic SurgeryS. Duke Herrell118 Laparoscopic Management of the Undescended TesticleBrian A. VanderBrink119 Laparoscopic VaricocelectomyBradley A. Morganstern & Lane S. PalmerPart 7 Laparoscopy and Robotics: LESS and NOTES120 Laparoendoscopic Single-site Surgery: Ports, Access, and InstrumentationNoah E. Canvasser & Jeffrey A. Cadeddu121 Laparoendoscopic Single-site Upper Tract SurgeryChristian Tabib, Geoffrey Gaunay, & Lee Richstone122 Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-site Lower Tract SurgeryDaniel Ramirez, Matthew J. Maurice, & Jihad H. KaoukSection 7 Image-Guided Diagnostics and TherapeuticsPart 1 Upper Tract123 Diagnosis of Renal Masses: RadiologicalGail S. Smith, Carolyn K. Donaldson, & Richard M. Gore124 Renal Mass BiopsyM. Pilar Laguna & Jean de la Rosette125 Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal TumorsRyan L. Steinberg & Chad R. Tracy126 Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal MassesDavid N. Siegel & Alok A. AnandPart 2 Angio-embolization in Urology127 Gonadal Vein EmbolizationPratik A. Shukla, Gajan Sivananthan, & Ardeshir R. Rastinehad128 Renal Angiography and EmbolizationIgor Lobko & Anthony D. Mohabir129 Selective Arterial Prostate EmbolizationRobert C. Blue, Aaron M. Fischman, & Ardeshir R. RastinehadPart 3 Focal Therapy Lower Tract130 The Role and Methodology of Multiparametric MRI and Fusion-guided Biopsy in the Management of Prostate Cancer PatientsRaju R. Chelluri, Arvin K. George, Joseph A. Baiocco, Baris Turkbey, & Peter A. Pinto131 Focal Therapy of Prostate CancerKae Jack Tay & Thomas J. Polascik132 Focal Laser Ablation for Carcinoma of ProstateTonye A. Jones, Shyam Natarajan, & Leonard S. Marks133 Image-guided Prostate BrachytherapyMichael R. Folkert, Neil B. Desai, & Yoshiya Yamada134 Image-guided External Beam RadiotherapyBrett Cox, Lucille Lee, & Louis Potters135 High-intensity Focused Ultrasound of the ProstateEdward J. Bass, Mark Emberton, & Hashim U. Ahmed136 Cryotherapy of the ProstateDaniel B. Rukstalis137 Cryosurgical Ablation of the ProstateRajan Ramanathan, Yaw A. Nyame, & J. Stephen Jones138 Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in UrologyRogier R. Wildeboer, Jean de la Rosette, Massimo Mischi, & Hessel Wijkstra139 Principles of Prostate Magnetic Resonance ImagingSonia Gaur, Baris Turkbey, & Peter L. Choyke140 Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and AssessmentHenry Tran, Matthew P. Rutman, Doreen E. Chung, & Jerry G. Blaivas141 Office-based Cystoscopy: Continued AdvancesJudson D. Davies & Sam S. Chang142 Equipment Setup and Patient HandoutsJohn R. Schwabe, Amanda P. Hughes, Crystal R. Combs, & Gopal H. Badlani143 Local Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Treatment of the Prostate in the Office SettingArun Rai & Ricardo R. Gonzalez144 Laser in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment: Basic PrinciplesChristopher Netsch, Bilal Chughtai, Alexis E. Te, Ahmed M. Elshal, Mostafa M. Elhilali, & Andreas J. Gross145 Holmium Laser Therapy of the ProstateAhmed M. Elshal & Mostafa M. Elhilali146 532 nm High-power Transurethral Laser ProstatectomyBilal Chughtai, Dominique Thomas, & Alexis E. Te147 Thulium LasersAndreas J. Gross & Christopher Netsch148 The Prostatic Urethral Lift Procedure Using UroLift Implants: Novel, Minimally Invasive Therapy for Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaDaniel B. Rukstalis149 Goals and Expectations of Ablation Techniques and Emerging Therapies for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An EditorialCatriona I. MacRae & Peter J. Gilling150 Monopolar Transurethral Resection of ProstateMadhu S. Agrawal & Dilip K. Mishra151 Ablation of Prostate: Bipolar ResectionJaspreet S. Sandhu152 Bipolar Vaporization of the ProstateAhmet Karakeci, Kyle Richards, & Gopal H. Badlani153 Single Port for Prostate SurgeryRene J. Sotelo, Oscar D. Martin Garzon, Camilo Giedelman, Fatima Z. Husain, & Mihir Desai154 Bladder Injections for Refractory Overactive Bladder: Intra- and Transvesical ProceduresAdam Althaus & Anurag K. Das155 STING Procedure for RefluxSteve J. Hodges156 Minimally Invasive Therapy for Bladder Pain Syndrome (Interstitial Cystitis)Ricardo Palmerola, Sandeep Gurram, & Robert Moldwin157 New Techniques for Resecting Bladder TumorsAlexey G. Martov, Dmitry V. Ergakov, Nikolay A. Baykov, & Zhamshid Okhunov158 Incision: Endoscopic Management of Urethral StenosesGerald H. Jordan & Kurt A. McCammon159 Endoscopic Management of Bladder Neck Contracture Following Radical ProstatectomySusan MacDonald, R. Caleb Kovell, Joseph Tortora, & Ryan P. Terlecki160 Single-incision SlingsMichael J. Kennelly & Dina A. Bastawros161 Bioinjectables for Stress Urinary IncontinenceRyan Dobbs, Simone Crivellaro, & John J. Smith III162 Midurethral Slings for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary IncontinenceAlice Drain & Victor W. Nitti163 Maxi/Pubovaginal SlingGopal H. Badlani & Joao P. Zambon164 Mesh Complications Associated with Vaginal Prolapse SurgeryJeffrey S. Schachar & G. Willy Davila165 Male Slings for Treatment of Post-prostatectomy IncontinenceAjay K. Singla & Nirmish Singla166 NeuromodulationDayron Rodriguez & Anurag K. DasIndex