JAMES MOMOH, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of the Center for Energy Systems and Control at Howard University. Dr. Momoh also serves as Principal Consultant at Bonneville Power Administration. He has authored or coauthored several books, including Operation and Control of Electric Energy Processing Systems and Economic Market Design and Planning for Electric Power Systems, both from Wiley-IEEE Press. Dr. Momoh is dedicated to the development of interdisciplinary research and education programs in systems engineering, energy systems, and power economics.

• Preface xiii 1 SMART GRID ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Today's Grid versus the Smart Grid 21.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid 21.4 Computational Intelligence 41.5 Power System Enhancement 51.6 Communication and Standards 51.7 Environment and Economics 51.8 Outline of the Book 51.9 General View of the Smart Grid Market Drivers 61.10 Stakeholder Roles and Function 61.11 Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on Performance Measures 111.12 Representative Architecture 121.13 Functions of Smart Grid Components 121.14 Summary 152 SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 162.1 Communication and Measurement 162.2 Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies 192.3 GIS and Google Mapping Tools 232.4 Multiagent Systems (MAS) Technology 242.5 Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison 272.6 Summary 273 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 293.1 Introduction to Load Flow Studies 293.2 Challenges to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods 303.3 Load Flow State of the Art: Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms 313.4 Congestion Management Effect 373.5 Load Flow for Smart Grid Design 383.6 DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid 413.7 Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies 433.8 Contingencies and Their Classification 443.9 Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid 483.10 Summary 494 STABILITY ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID 514.1 Introduction to Stability 514.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Voltage Stability Analysis Tools 514.3 Voltage Stability Assessment 564.4 Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques 624.5 Voltage Stability Indexing 654.6 Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies 684.7 Application and Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability 704.8 Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of Voltage Stability 714.9 Angle Stability Assessment 734.10 State Estimation 815 COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 1005.1 Introduction to Computational Tools 1005.2 Decision Support Tools (DS) 1015.3 Optimization Techniques 1035.4 Classical Optimization Method 1035.5 Heuristic Optimization 1085.6 Evolutionary Computational Techniques 1125.7 Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques 1155.8 Pareto Methods 1175.9 Hybridizing Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid 1185.10 Computational Challenges 1185.11 Summary 1196 PATHWAY FOR DESIGNING SMART GRID 1226.1 Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design 1226.2 Barriers and Solutions to Smart Grid Development 1226.3 Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and Control Techniques for Selection Functions 1256.4 General Level Automation 1256.5 Bulk Power Systems Automation of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level 1306.6 Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power Grid 1326.7 End User/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid 1376.8 Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization 1376.9 Summary 1387 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STORAGE 1407.1 Renewable Energy Resources 1407.2 Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart Grid 1417.3 Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology 1487.4 Demand Response Issues 1507.5 Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids 1517.6 PHEV Technology 1517.7 Environmental Implications 1527.8 Storage Technologies 1547.9 Tax Credits 1587.10 Summary 1598 INTEROPERABILITY, STANDARDS, AND CYBER SECURITY 1608.1 Introduction 1608.2 Interoperability 1618.3 Standards 1638.4 Smart Grid Cyber Security 1668.5 Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users 1738.6 Summary 1749 RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING FOR THE SMART GRID 1769.1 Introduction 1769.2 Research Areas for Smart Grid Development 1769.3 Research Activities in the Smart Grid 1789.4 Multidisciplinary Research Activities 1789.5 Smart Grid Education 1799.6 Training and Professional Development 1829.7 Summary 18310 CASE STUDIES AND TESTBEDS FOR THE SMART GRID 18410.1 Introduction 18410.2 Demonstration Projects 18410.3 Advanced Metering 18510.4 Microgrid with Renewable Energy 18510.5 Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem 18610.6 ADP for Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation 19110.7 Case Study of RER Integration 19610.8 Testbeds and Benchmark Systems 19710.9 Challenges of Smart Transmission 19810.10 Benefits of Smart Transmission 19810.11 Summary 198References 19911 EPILOGUE 200Index 203

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JAMES MOMOH, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of the Center for Energy Systems and Control at Howard University. Dr. Momoh also serves as Principal Consultant at Bonneville Power Administration. He has authored or coauthored several books, including Operation and Control of Electric Energy Processing Systems and Economic Market Design and Planning for Electric Power Systems, both from Wiley-IEEE Press. Dr. Momoh is dedicated to the development of interdisciplinary research and education programs in systems engineering, energy systems, and power economics.

• Preface xiii 1 SMART GRID ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Today's Grid versus the Smart Grid 21.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid 21.4 Computational Intelligence 41.5 Power System Enhancement 51.6 Communication and Standards 51.7 Environment and Economics 51.8 Outline of the Book 51.9 General View of the Smart Grid Market Drivers 61.10 Stakeholder Roles and Function 61.11 Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on Performance Measures 111.12 Representative Architecture 121.13 Functions of Smart Grid Components 121.14 Summary 152 SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 162.1 Communication and Measurement 162.2 Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies 192.3 GIS and Google Mapping Tools 232.4 Multiagent Systems (MAS) Technology 242.5 Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison 272.6 Summary 273 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 293.1 Introduction to Load Flow Studies 293.2 Challenges to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods 303.3 Load Flow State of the Art: Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms 313.4 Congestion Management Effect 373.5 Load Flow for Smart Grid Design 383.6 DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid 413.7 Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies 433.8 Contingencies and Their Classification 443.9 Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid 483.10 Summary 494 STABILITY ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID 514.1 Introduction to Stability 514.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Voltage Stability Analysis Tools 514.3 Voltage Stability Assessment 564.4 Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques 624.5 Voltage Stability Indexing 654.6 Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies 684.7 Application and Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability 704.8 Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of Voltage Stability 714.9 Angle Stability Assessment 734.10 State Estimation 815 COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 1005.1 Introduction to Computational Tools 1005.2 Decision Support Tools (DS) 1015.3 Optimization Techniques 1035.4 Classical Optimization Method 1035.5 Heuristic Optimization 1085.6 Evolutionary Computational Techniques 1125.7 Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques 1155.8 Pareto Methods 1175.9 Hybridizing Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid 1185.10 Computational Challenges 1185.11 Summary 1196 PATHWAY FOR DESIGNING SMART GRID 1226.1 Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design 1226.2 Barriers and Solutions to Smart Grid Development 1226.3 Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and Control Techniques for Selection Functions 1256.4 General Level Automation 1256.5 Bulk Power Systems Automation of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level 1306.6 Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power Grid 1326.7 End User/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid 1376.8 Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization 1376.9 Summary 1387 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STORAGE 1407.1 Renewable Energy Resources 1407.2 Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart Grid 1417.3 Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology 1487.4 Demand Response Issues 1507.5 Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids 1517.6 PHEV Technology 1517.7 Environmental Implications 1527.8 Storage Technologies 1547.9 Tax Credits 1587.10 Summary 1598 INTEROPERABILITY, STANDARDS, AND CYBER SECURITY 1608.1 Introduction 1608.2 Interoperability 1618.3 Standards 1638.4 Smart Grid Cyber Security 1668.5 Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users 1738.6 Summary 1749 RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING FOR THE SMART GRID 1769.1 Introduction 1769.2 Research Areas for Smart Grid Development 1769.3 Research Activities in the Smart Grid 1789.4 Multidisciplinary Research Activities 1789.5 Smart Grid Education 1799.6 Training and Professional Development 1829.7 Summary 18310 CASE STUDIES AND TESTBEDS FOR THE SMART GRID 18410.1 Introduction 18410.2 Demonstration Projects 18410.3 Advanced Metering 18510.4 Microgrid with Renewable Energy 18510.5 Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem 18610.6 ADP for Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation 19110.7 Case Study of RER Integration 19610.8 Testbeds and Benchmark Systems 19710.9 Challenges of Smart Transmission 19810.10 Benefits of Smart Transmission 19810.11 Summary 198References 19911 EPILOGUE 200Index 203

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JAMES MOMOH, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of the Center for Energy Systems and Control at Howard University. Dr. Momoh also serves as Principal Consultant at Bonneville Power Administration. He has authored or coauthored several books, including Operation and Control of Electric Energy Processing Systems and Economic Market Design and Planning for Electric Power Systems, both from Wiley-IEEE Press. Dr. Momoh is dedicated to the development of interdisciplinary research and education programs in systems engineering, energy systems, and power economics.

• Preface xiii 1 SMART GRID ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Today's Grid versus the Smart Grid 21.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid 21.4 Computational Intelligence 41.5 Power System Enhancement 51.6 Communication and Standards 51.7 Environment and Economics 51.8 Outline of the Book 51.9 General View of the Smart Grid Market Drivers 61.10 Stakeholder Roles and Function 61.11 Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on Performance Measures 111.12 Representative Architecture 121.13 Functions of Smart Grid Components 121.14 Summary 152 SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 162.1 Communication and Measurement 162.2 Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies 192.3 GIS and Google Mapping Tools 232.4 Multiagent Systems (MAS) Technology 242.5 Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison 272.6 Summary 273 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 293.1 Introduction to Load Flow Studies 293.2 Challenges to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods 303.3 Load Flow State of the Art: Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms 313.4 Congestion Management Effect 373.5 Load Flow for Smart Grid Design 383.6 DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid 413.7 Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies 433.8 Contingencies and Their Classification 443.9 Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid 483.10 Summary 494 STABILITY ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID 514.1 Introduction to Stability 514.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Voltage Stability Analysis Tools 514.3 Voltage Stability Assessment 564.4 Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques 624.5 Voltage Stability Indexing 654.6 Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies 684.7 Application and Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability 704.8 Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of Voltage Stability 714.9 Angle Stability Assessment 734.10 State Estimation 815 COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 1005.1 Introduction to Computational Tools 1005.2 Decision Support Tools (DS) 1015.3 Optimization Techniques 1035.4 Classical Optimization Method 1035.5 Heuristic Optimization 1085.6 Evolutionary Computational Techniques 1125.7 Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques 1155.8 Pareto Methods 1175.9 Hybridizing Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid 1185.10 Computational Challenges 1185.11 Summary 1196 PATHWAY FOR DESIGNING SMART GRID 1226.1 Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design 1226.2 Barriers and Solutions to Smart Grid Development 1226.3 Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and Control Techniques for Selection Functions 1256.4 General Level Automation 1256.5 Bulk Power Systems Automation of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level 1306.6 Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power Grid 1326.7 End User/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid 1376.8 Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization 1376.9 Summary 1387 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STORAGE 1407.1 Renewable Energy Resources 1407.2 Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart Grid 1417.3 Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology 1487.4 Demand Response Issues 1507.5 Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids 1517.6 PHEV Technology 1517.7 Environmental Implications 1527.8 Storage Technologies 1547.9 Tax Credits 1587.10 Summary 1598 INTEROPERABILITY, STANDARDS, AND CYBER SECURITY 1608.1 Introduction 1608.2 Interoperability 1618.3 Standards 1638.4 Smart Grid Cyber Security 1668.5 Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users 1738.6 Summary 1749 RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING FOR THE SMART GRID 1769.1 Introduction 1769.2 Research Areas for Smart Grid Development 1769.3 Research Activities in the Smart Grid 1789.4 Multidisciplinary Research Activities 1789.5 Smart Grid Education 1799.6 Training and Professional Development 1829.7 Summary 18310 CASE STUDIES AND TESTBEDS FOR THE SMART GRID 18410.1 Introduction 18410.2 Demonstration Projects 18410.3 Advanced Metering 18510.4 Microgrid with Renewable Energy 18510.5 Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem 18610.6 ADP for Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation 19110.7 Case Study of RER Integration 19610.8 Testbeds and Benchmark Systems 19710.9 Challenges of Smart Transmission 19810.10 Benefits of Smart Transmission 19810.11 Summary 198References 19911 EPILOGUE 200Index 203

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