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Tests available for identifying mutagens or carcinogens range from relatively simple, rapid assays in prokaryotes and test systems utilizing mammalian cells in tissue culture to highly elaborate tests in intact animals.
1. Somatic-Cell Mutation Monitoring System Based on Human Hemoglobin Mutants.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hemoglobin Mutants.- 3. Hemoglobin in Mutation Research: Gametal Mutation Rates.- 4. A System for Detecting Somatic Mutations of Hemoglobin.- 5. Methodological Aspects: Monospecific Anti-Mutant-Hemoglobin Antibodies.- 6. Methodological Aspects: Monoclonal Anti-Globin-Chain Antibodies.- References.- 2. Use of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter for Screening Mutant Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunologic Identification and Flow Detection of Erythrocytes Containing Amino Acid-Substituted Hemoglobin.- 3. Future of the Hemoglobin-Based Assay.- 4. Detection of Erythrocytes with Mutationally Altered Glycophorin A.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 3. Development of a Plaque Assay for the Detection of Red Blood Cells Carrying Abnormal or Mutant Hemoglobins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principle of the Method.- 3. Reagents.- 4. Equipment.- 5. Procedure for the RBC-Antibody Plaque Assay.- 6. RBC-Protein A Plaque Assay.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 4. Direct Assay by Autoradiography for 6-Thioguanine-Resistant Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Autoradiographic TGr T-PBL Assay Method.- 3. Sample Results.- 4. Statistical Analysis Methods.- 5. Discussion.- References.- 5. Application of Antibodies to 5-Bromodeoxyuridine for the Detection of Cells of Rare Genotype.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Summary.- References.- 6. Cytogenetic Abnormalities as an Indicator of Mutagenic Exposure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lymphocyte Assay Methodology.- 3. Chromosome Aberration Analysis Following Radiation or Chemical Exposure.- 4. The Analysis of Bone Marrow Samples.- 5. The Plausibility of Estimating Genetic or Carcinogenic Risk from Aberration Frequencies in Lymphocytes.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 7. Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis in Lymphocytes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology.- 3. Selected Applications.- Appendix A. A Procedure for Growing and Preparing Human Lymphocytes for SCE Analysis.- Appendix B. A Procedure for Growing and Preparing Rat Lymphocytes for SCE Analysis.- References.- 8. Unscheduled DNA Synthesis as an Indication of Genotoxic Exposure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Four Laboratory Approaches to Measuring Unscheduled DNA Synthesis.- 3. Methods.- 4. Reagents, Solutions, Stains, and Media.- 5. Equipment and Supplies.- References.- 9. The Micronucleus Test as an Indicator of Mutagenic Exposure.- 1. Historical Background.- 2. Rationale of the Test System.- 3. Technical Procedure.- 4. Results and Comparative Studies.- 5. Related Assay Systems.- 6. Advantages.- 7. Limitations.- 8. Application of the Micronucelus Test.- References.- 10. The Identification of Somatic Mutations in Immunoglobulin Expression and Structure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Immunoglobulin Protein and Gene Structure.- 3. Methods for the Isolation of Mutants.- 4. Frequency and Phenotypes of Mutants.- 5. Discussion.- References.- 11. Detection of Chemically Induced Y-Chromosomal Nondisjunction in Human Spermatozoa.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background.- 3. Agents That Increase YFF Bodies in Human Sperm.- 4. Discussion.- References.
