Simulating the Earth

Experimental Geochemistry

Häftad, Engelska, 1988

699 kr

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Experiments on rocks, minerals, magmas and fluids have contributed to the better understanding of geological processes in recent years. This introduction to experimental geochemistry and petrology is intended to stimulate earth scientists to further experimentation. With the use of case histories illustrating principles and techniques, the authors explain why experiments are useful, what kind of work can be done, what some of the major problems and limitations are and how they can be avoided.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1988-10-31
Mått155 x 235 x 12 mm
Vikt324 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor208
Upplaga1988
FörlagKluwer Academic Publishers Group
ISBN9780044452553

Tillhör följande kategorier

1 The scope.- 1.1 The questions.- 1.2 Experimental philosophy.- 1.3 Conclusions.- 2 The good experiment.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The conditions.- 2.3 What goes in: starting materials.- 2.4 Measurement imperfections.- 2.5 What comes out: analytical techniques.- 2.6 Conclusions.- 3 The machines.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Machines for “easy” conditions (atmospheric pressure).- 3.3 Machines for near-surface hydrothermal conditions.- 3.4 Moderate pressure: crust-upper-mantle machines.- 3.5 Ultra-pressure machines.- 3.6 Machines for thermodynamic measurements.- 3.7 Conclusions.- 4 Metamorphic experiments on solid-solid reactions.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Reactions involving pure phases.- 4.3 Displaced equilibria and activity measurements.- 4.4 Displaced equilibria with two solid solutions.- 4.5 Coexisting solid solutions.- 4.6 Putting it all together.- 5 Metamorphic experiments on solid-fluid reactions.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fluid generation and control.- 5.3 Devolatilization experiments.- 5.4 Mineral-fluid interactions.- 6 Just fluids.- 6.1 Objectives.- 6.2 Volumetric measurements: P—V—T.- 6.3 Speciation from solubility.- 6.4 Speciation from spectroscopy.- 6.5 Speciation from electrical conductivity.- 6.6 Conclusions.- 7 Igneous experiments on melts and crystals.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Atmospheric pressure experiments.- 7.3 Crustal magmas.- 7.4 Experiments at mantle pressures.- 7.5 Trace element behavior.- 7.6 Conclusions.- 8 Igneous experiments on melts and fluids.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Volatile solubilities in melts.- 8.3 Spectroscopic measurements and speciation methods.- 8.4 Distribution of elements between melts and fluids.- 8.5 Conclusions.- 9 Physical properties of Earth materials.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Viscosity of silicate melts.- 9.3 Diffusion.- 9.4Crystal growth.- 9.5 Elastic properties.- 9.6 Conclusions.- A.1 Measuring temperature.- A.2 Measuring and generating pressure.- A.3 Controlling oxygen fugacity.- A.4 Materials.- A.5 Preparation of starting materials.- Bibliography/References.

The authors outline the aims of a good experiment, the philosophy of the experimental design, the right equipment and conditions to use for a given project, the problems encountered during experimentation and the pitfalls of data interpretation. Examples are drawn from a welcome range of geological topics, reflecting the wide applicability of modern experimental petrology...Holloway and Wood have produced a text of great clarity which will satisfy a wide audience...It will be a popular teaching text. It deserves also to achieve its aim of swelling the ranks of experimentalist. - Journal of Petrology.