Steve J. Stern is Alberto Flores Galindo Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His books include Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640, Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, and The Secret History of Gender: Women, Men, and Power in Late Colonial Mexico.

• About the Series ixPreface and Acknowledgments xiIntroduction. Beyond Enigma: An Agenda for Interpreting Shining Path and Peru, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 1Part I. Within and Against History: Conceptualizing Roots 1. From Race to Class: Insurgent Intellectuals de provincia in Peru, 1910–1970 / Marisol de la Cadena 222. On Poor Relations and the Nouveau Riche: Shining Path and the Radical Peruvian Left / IvÁn Hinojosa 603. Chronicle of a Path Foretold? Velasco's Revolution, Vanguardia Revolucionaria, and "Shining Omens" in the Indigenous Communities of Andahuaylas / Florencia E. Mallon 84Part II. The Conquest that Failed: The War for the Center-South Introduction to Part II 1214. Harvesting Storms: Peasant Rondas and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho / Carlos IvÁn Degregori 1285. Family, Culture, and "Revolution": Everyday Life with Sendero Luminoso / Ponciano del Pino H. 1586. The War of the Central Sierra / Nelson Manrique 1927. Villagers at Arms: War and Counterrevolution in the Central-South Andes / Orin Starn 224Part III. Obliterating Third Paths: The Battles of Lima and Puno Introduction to Part III 2618. Shining Path and the "Decisive Battle" in Lima's Barriadas: The Case of Villa El Salvador / Jo-Marie Burt 2679. Apogee and Crisis of a "Third Path": Mariateguismo, "People's War," and Counterinsurgency in Puno, 1987–1994 / JosÉ Luis RÉnique 307Part IV. Women as Citizen-Subjects: Exploring the Gendered War Introduction to Part IV 34110. Women in War: Impact and Responses / Isabel Coral Cordero 345Part V. Political Rule, Political Culture: The Ironic Legacies of War Introduction to Part V 37711. Civil-Military Relations in Peru, 1980–1996: How to Control and Coopt the Military (and the consequences of doing so) / Enrique Obando 38512. Alberto Fujimori: "The Man Peru Needed?" / Patricia Oliart 41113. Sendero Luminoso and Human Rights: A Perverse Logic that Captured the Country / Carlos BasombrÍo Iglesias 42514. Human Rights and Social Referents: The Construction of New Sensibilities / Hortensia MuÑoz 447Conclusion. Shining and Other Paths: The Origins, Dynamics, and Legacies of War, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 470Abbreviations and Organizations 477Bibliography 481Index 511Contributors 533

“This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” - Choice “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin, Latin American Research Review “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton, American Ethnologist “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . [M]asterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer, Hispanic American Historical Review “A brilliantly conceived and executed study of the guerrilla insurgency in Peru. . . . This is exactly the kind of historically grounded work on Shining Path that we have long lacked and happily now have.”-Peter KlarÉn, George Washington University “This collection of essays will bring to English-language readers the most comprehensive, most nuanced exploration of Shining Path-and of Peru during the last fifteen years-available.”- John Tutino, Georgetown University “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri (Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs) “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin (Latin American Research Review) “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton (American Ethnologist) “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . Masterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer (Hispanic American Historical Review) “This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” (Choice)

Steve J. Stern is Alberto Flores Galindo Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His books include Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640, Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, and The Secret History of Gender: Women, Men, and Power in Late Colonial Mexico.

• About the Series ixPreface and Acknowledgments xiIntroduction. Beyond Enigma: An Agenda for Interpreting Shining Path and Peru, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 1Part I. Within and Against History: Conceptualizing Roots 1. From Race to Class: Insurgent Intellectuals de provincia in Peru, 1910–1970 / Marisol de la Cadena 222. On Poor Relations and the Nouveau Riche: Shining Path and the Radical Peruvian Left / IvÁn Hinojosa 603. Chronicle of a Path Foretold? Velasco's Revolution, Vanguardia Revolucionaria, and "Shining Omens" in the Indigenous Communities of Andahuaylas / Florencia E. Mallon 84Part II. The Conquest that Failed: The War for the Center-South Introduction to Part II 1214. Harvesting Storms: Peasant Rondas and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho / Carlos IvÁn Degregori 1285. Family, Culture, and "Revolution": Everyday Life with Sendero Luminoso / Ponciano del Pino H. 1586. The War of the Central Sierra / Nelson Manrique 1927. Villagers at Arms: War and Counterrevolution in the Central-South Andes / Orin Starn 224Part III. Obliterating Third Paths: The Battles of Lima and Puno Introduction to Part III 2618. Shining Path and the "Decisive Battle" in Lima's Barriadas: The Case of Villa El Salvador / Jo-Marie Burt 2679. Apogee and Crisis of a "Third Path": Mariateguismo, "People's War," and Counterinsurgency in Puno, 1987–1994 / JosÉ Luis RÉnique 307Part IV. Women as Citizen-Subjects: Exploring the Gendered War Introduction to Part IV 34110. Women in War: Impact and Responses / Isabel Coral Cordero 345Part V. Political Rule, Political Culture: The Ironic Legacies of War Introduction to Part V 37711. Civil-Military Relations in Peru, 1980–1996: How to Control and Coopt the Military (and the consequences of doing so) / Enrique Obando 38512. Alberto Fujimori: "The Man Peru Needed?" / Patricia Oliart 41113. Sendero Luminoso and Human Rights: A Perverse Logic that Captured the Country / Carlos BasombrÍo Iglesias 42514. Human Rights and Social Referents: The Construction of New Sensibilities / Hortensia MuÑoz 447Conclusion. Shining and Other Paths: The Origins, Dynamics, and Legacies of War, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 470Abbreviations and Organizations 477Bibliography 481Index 511Contributors 533

“This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” - Choice “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin, Latin American Research Review “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton, American Ethnologist “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . [M]asterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer, Hispanic American Historical Review “A brilliantly conceived and executed study of the guerrilla insurgency in Peru. . . . This is exactly the kind of historically grounded work on Shining Path that we have long lacked and happily now have.”-Peter KlarÉn, George Washington University “This collection of essays will bring to English-language readers the most comprehensive, most nuanced exploration of Shining Path-and of Peru during the last fifteen years-available.”- John Tutino, Georgetown University “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri (Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs) “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin (Latin American Research Review) “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton (American Ethnologist) “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . Masterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer (Hispanic American Historical Review) “This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” (Choice)

Steve J. Stern is Alberto Flores Galindo Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His books include Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640, Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, and The Secret History of Gender: Women, Men, and Power in Late Colonial Mexico.

• About the Series ixPreface and Acknowledgments xiIntroduction. Beyond Enigma: An Agenda for Interpreting Shining Path and Peru, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 1Part I. Within and Against History: Conceptualizing Roots 1. From Race to Class: Insurgent Intellectuals de provincia in Peru, 1910–1970 / Marisol de la Cadena 222. On Poor Relations and the Nouveau Riche: Shining Path and the Radical Peruvian Left / IvÁn Hinojosa 603. Chronicle of a Path Foretold? Velasco's Revolution, Vanguardia Revolucionaria, and "Shining Omens" in the Indigenous Communities of Andahuaylas / Florencia E. Mallon 84Part II. The Conquest that Failed: The War for the Center-South Introduction to Part II 1214. Harvesting Storms: Peasant Rondas and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho / Carlos IvÁn Degregori 1285. Family, Culture, and "Revolution": Everyday Life with Sendero Luminoso / Ponciano del Pino H. 1586. The War of the Central Sierra / Nelson Manrique 1927. Villagers at Arms: War and Counterrevolution in the Central-South Andes / Orin Starn 224Part III. Obliterating Third Paths: The Battles of Lima and Puno Introduction to Part III 2618. Shining Path and the "Decisive Battle" in Lima's Barriadas: The Case of Villa El Salvador / Jo-Marie Burt 2679. Apogee and Crisis of a "Third Path": Mariateguismo, "People's War," and Counterinsurgency in Puno, 1987–1994 / JosÉ Luis RÉnique 307Part IV. Women as Citizen-Subjects: Exploring the Gendered War Introduction to Part IV 34110. Women in War: Impact and Responses / Isabel Coral Cordero 345Part V. Political Rule, Political Culture: The Ironic Legacies of War Introduction to Part V 37711. Civil-Military Relations in Peru, 1980–1996: How to Control and Coopt the Military (and the consequences of doing so) / Enrique Obando 38512. Alberto Fujimori: "The Man Peru Needed?" / Patricia Oliart 41113. Sendero Luminoso and Human Rights: A Perverse Logic that Captured the Country / Carlos BasombrÍo Iglesias 42514. Human Rights and Social Referents: The Construction of New Sensibilities / Hortensia MuÑoz 447Conclusion. Shining and Other Paths: The Origins, Dynamics, and Legacies of War, 1980–1995 / Steve J. Stern 470Abbreviations and Organizations 477Bibliography 481Index 511Contributors 533

“This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” - Choice “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin, Latin American Research Review “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton, American Ethnologist “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . [M]asterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer, Hispanic American Historical Review “A brilliantly conceived and executed study of the guerrilla insurgency in Peru. . . . This is exactly the kind of historically grounded work on Shining Path that we have long lacked and happily now have.”-Peter KlarÉn, George Washington University “This collection of essays will bring to English-language readers the most comprehensive, most nuanced exploration of Shining Path-and of Peru during the last fifteen years-available.”- John Tutino, Georgetown University “Shining and Other Paths will be an indispensable text . . . as it provides one of the most comprehensive and well-documented explorations to date of the historical origins and development of Shining Path.” - Phillip Mauceri (Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs) “Shining and Other Paths, ably edited by Stern, presents analyses by U. S. scholars and several important Peruvian scholars and activists, some of whose work has never before been available in English. . . . [W]ide-ranging and detailed. . . .” - Eric Selbin (Latin American Research Review) “[G]athers important scholarly voices to demystify the Shining Path by locating it in relationship to other social and political processes through nuanced studies of specific issues and regions. . . . [A]n important and useful contribution to understanding a movement that for far more than a decade disastrously shook Peru and its scholarship.” - David Knowlton (American Ethnologist) “Steve J. Stern has prepared with utmost care a rich and satisfying intellectual banquet in Shining and Other Paths . . . . Masterfully crafted and satisfying . . . . Few edited volumes reflect such coherence and high quality across all the contributors. Steve Stern and his collaborators have produced a definitive contribution to scholarship that manages to satisfy quite completely our need to understand the radical movement that came so close to taking power in the early 1990s, as well as its enduring effects on Peruvian society and politics.” - David Scott Palmer (Hispanic American Historical Review) “This book unquestionably exceeds the editor’s and contributors’ expectations ‘that the whole of the collaborative work is larger than the sum of its parts’. . . . The volume offers insightful and comprehensive analyses and interpretations of the most violent and destructive terrorist movement in the Americas. . . . The contributions are all uniformly valuable. . . . The excellent scholarship, style, editing, and translations all combine to make this one of the best volumes on the Shining Path available in English. Highly recommended for all readers. . . .” (Choice)