Sharīʿa in the Russian Empire is an excellent collection of genuinely pathbreaking studies that explore how Muslim law was taught, interpreted, applied and reshaped in the Russian empire’s Muslim regions. To the growing body of scholarship on legal cultures in Muslim societies under colonial rule, the volume adds the experience of the Muslims of imperial Russia, solidly researched and judiciously interpreted on the basis of a wealth of sources barely explored before; those sources, in the hands of the specialists whose work is assembled here, remind us of the ongoing vitality and dynamism of Muslim juridical thought and practice under Russian rule, and begin to balance the excessive focus on narrow circles of ‘reformists’ that has heretofore dominated scholarship on the Muslims of Russia.