Sexual Predation and TEFL

Vaughan Rapatahana Ph.D. (1996), University of Auckland, New Zealand, is a fulltime author across several genres, having had published over 40 books in several countries. He instigated and co-edited English Language as Hydra (Multilingual Matters, 2012) and Why English? Confronting the Hydra (Multilingual Matters, 2016).

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresIntroduction: Sexual Predation and TEFL (Teaching of English as a Foreign Language)1 The Locations Where Sexual Predation in TEFL Occurs2 The Ascending Scale of Sexual Predation in the TEFL Industry3 What and Where Is Sexual Exploitation, Harassment, and Predation?4 The Size of the Problem5 Methodology of This Book6 Where Is the Literature?7 An Outline of the Structure of This Book1 The English Language Hydra1 The Pull Factors behind the Hydra2 The Push Factors behind the Hydra3 Linguistic Imperialism Redux4 The Us vs Them Power Schism5 More Hydra Myths6 The Hydra as Enabler of Sexual Imperialism7 Coda: What Is This English Anyway?2 Native-Speaking English Teachers (NETS)1 White NETS2 NET Opposition to Criticisms3 What about Local English Teachers (LETS) of EFL as Agents of Sexual Predation? What about Expatriate Teachers of Other Subjects?4 A Summary So Far3 Aid Agencies, Voluntourism, Orphanage Tourism and TEFL4 The Attraction of Teaching and Learning English Overseas1 Why TEFL NETS Travel? What Draws Them to Do So?2 Definitions and Motivations of NETS3 The Sexual Motivations of Some TEFL NETS4 A Return to Voluntourism: Motivations and Connotations5 Cultural Misunderstandings6 Why Do Students Travel to Learn English? Travelling Overseas to Study the Tongue7 Akogare and Travel Abroad to Acquire English8 Another Perspective on akogare. Reverse Sex Tourism in Nepal5 Sexualisation, Sexual Commodification, and Sexism in the TEFL Industry1 A Slight Digression2 Using Sex to Promote the English Language Business in the Advertising and Online Marketing of Non-Western Language and Tuition Centres3 Teaching English as a Foreign Language through Sex4 Further Examples of Sexualised TEFL Learning Resources6 English as a Sexualised Language: Sexism, and Gender Imbalance in EFL Textbooks1 Is English Inherently a Sexist Language?2 Sexism and Gender Imbalance in TEFL Textbooks, an Avenue for Sexual Exploitation? An Overview3 How Western Produced EFL Textbooks Are Perceived in Non-Western Climes4 Do Gender Biased EFL Textbooks Link to Potential Sexual Harassment and Predation?5 TEFL Textbooks also Reinforce English Cultural and Language Imperialism6 A Summary So Far7 Serious Sexual Harassment1 Male Student Harassment of White and ‘Non-White’ Women Teachers and Students of English as a Foreign Language2 A ‘Major Component’ of Sexual Harassment in TEFL, Is Carried Out by Male NETS and LETS against Their Adult Students, and Sometimes Their Teaching Peers (see Figure 18)3 Males Employed in the TEFL Industry Sexually Harassing Women at TEFL Conferences, and, Separately, via Their TEFL Managerial Roles4 The Sexual Harassment and Predation of EFL Students Who Travel Overseas to Study the Tongue5 Sexual Harassment of Overseas Women Teachers of EFL, by Locals6 Another Area of Concern Relates to the Serious Sexual Harassment of Female (Developmental) Aid Workers Overseas, Including Their Teachers of EFL7 Teaching English as a Missionary Language: TEML8 Sex Tourism and TEFL/Glorification of Sexual Conquests by (Some) NETS1 Some Caveats2 Local Conditions3 TEFL Teachers and Sex Tourism4 Local Attitudes towards Foreign NETS9 EFL Teachers as Travelling Child Sex Offenders1 TCSO: Terminologies Situational and Preferential Offenders2 The Preferential TCSO Teaching EFL3 The TCSO and TEFL Voluntourism and Orphanage Tourism4 TCSO and TEFL in and outside Schools / Tuition Centres5 Newspaper Reports on TEFL TCSO6 Alleged, Arrested, Charged, and Convicted Travelling/Transnational (Child) Sex Offenders Who Taught EFL Overseas7 English Language Sexual Imperialism (ELSI) Redux10 Sexualised Murders Associated with TEFL1 Developmental Aid Workers Who Teach English Overseas, Such as in the Peace Corps2 Women English Language Teachers (NETS) Who Go Overseas to Teach the Language3 English Language Students Who Travel Overseas to Study the Tongue4 Murders of Students/Locals by TCSO NET Males Who Travel Overseas to Teach 11 Loopholes: Why Combatting Sexual Predation in TEFL Is Not a Simple Issue1 Local Issues That Contribute to Sexual Predation within TEFL2 Lack of (Local) Background Checking and Vetting of Teachers 3 Exporting Countries: Issues with Allowing Sex Offenders to Travel12 Combatting Sexual Predation in TEFL1 Countries Striving to Close Any Loopholes2 What Else Is Being Done about Cases of Sexual Predation in the TEFL Industry?3 Organisations/NGO s Who Combat the Sexual Predation of Children by TCSO4 Professional ELT Bodies5 Unfortunately, Even with Some Progress, There Still Will Be Problems6 What Needs to Be Done More Broadly?Conclusion: Summary and Suggested Solutions1 The Solution 2 Another Counter: Address These Sexual Offences in TEFL3 Other Measures4 Final RemarksAppendix A: Travelling/Transnational (Child) Sex Offenders Who Taught EFL Overseas Alleged and ConvictedAppendix B: Further Online Blogs Concerning Offensive TEFL NETS Excerpts: The Following Blog Extracts Are Self-Explanatory, and Revelatory about How Some Tefl Nets Are Perceived1 English Teaching in Bangkok2 Pedophiles Destroying Views about Teaching Overseas3 Teaching English in Thailand4 Two Types of TEFL NETS5 My Own Encounters with TEFL Sex Tourists and TCSO (Rapatahana, 2023)6 CodaIndex