Self-Ligation in Orthodontics

THE EDITORS Both editors graduated from the School of Dentistry, University of Athens (Greece) and the Orthodontic postgraduate program of the Ohio State University, earning a Master's degree. Theodore Eliades additionally holds a doctorate in biomedical materials from the University of Athens, and a PhD in biomaterials from the University of Manchester. He is an Associate Professor of Orthodontics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece), and affiliated with institutes in the USA and EU (Texas, Marquette, Manchester, and Bonn). His research on biomaterials has generated 85 articles, 15 chapters and 4 books, the diffusion of which into fields associated with natural and engineering sciences led to a fellowship at the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, and a membership in both the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Institute of Physics. Dr Eliades is Editor-in-Chief of the forthcoming Journal of Dental Biomechanics (Sage), Associate Editor of the European Journal of Orthodontics, and the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Editorial Board member in 5, and reviewer in 20 journals.Nikolaos Pandis completed a fellowship in Craniofacial Orthodontics at the University of Texas, Southwester Medical Center. He is currently a doctoral Fellow at the University of Bonn and enrolled in the Master of Clinical Trials program at the College of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London. He has published over 20 articles in the areas of self-ligating appliances and bonding, and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics. Dr Pandis maintains an orthodontic practice in Corfu, Greece.

• Contributors Foreword (Lysle E. Johnston, Jr).Foreword (Larry W. White).PrefaceAcknowledgmentsDedicationIntroductionDevelopment of Light Force Orthodontics: the Original Pin-a-slot Appliance as Ancestor to Modern Brackets (Jeffrey S. Thompson and William J.Thompson ).IntroductionPin-a-slot appliances1 Historical Aspects and Evolution of Ligation and Appliances (Nigel Harradine).IntroductionEarly ligaturesElastomeric ligaturesBegg pinsSelf-ligationTHE MATERIALS SCIENCE AND BIOMECHANICS OF SELF-LIGATION2 The Significance of Bracket Material Properties in Orthodontic Mechanics (Theodore Eliades, Spiros Zinelis and William A. Brantley).IntroductionBracket baseWingsBase–wing jointBracket slot3 Biomechanics of Self-Ligation: Analysis of Forces and Moments Exerted by Self-ligating Brackets (Nikolaos Pandis, Theodore Eliades and Christoph Bourauel).IntroductionForces generated during initial alignment with self-ligating and conventional bracketsForces generated by conventional and self-ligating brackets during simulated intrusion–extrusion and bucco-lingual correctionMoments generated during simulated rotational correction with self-ligating and conventional bracketsConsistency in the ligation force with active self-ligating brackets throughout treatmentTREATMENT OUTCOME-CLINICAL PERFORMANCE4 Essentials of Clinical Research Design (Argy Polycrhonopoulou).IntroductionStudy designNon-experimental/observational studiesExperimental studies/intervention studiesConclusion5 Determinants of Tooth Movement: Molecular Response of Periodontal Ligament and Bone to Loading (Efthimia K. Basdra).IntroductionPeriodontal ligamentOrthodontic tooth movement6 Efficiency and Treatment Outcome with Self-Ligating Brackets (Nikolaos Pandis, Peter Miles and Theodore Eliades).IntroductionTreatment durationDental arch changesTorque deliverySpace closureHandling efficiencyDiscomfort7 Root Resorption in Orthodontics (M. Ali Darendeliler and Lam L. Cheng).IntroductionHistory of OIIRRIncidence of OIIRRLocation of OIIRRSeverity of OIIRRDiagnosis of OIIRRPathogenesis of OIIRRLight microscopy of OIIRRScanning electron microscopy of OIIRRBiochemistry and molecular biology related to OIIRRPhysical properties of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorbed cementumFactors affecting OIIRRRepair of OIIRROrthodontic relapse and OIIRRClinical consequences of OIIRRPrevention and management of OIIRR8 Root Resorption with Self-Ligating Brackets (Maria Mavragani, Nikolaos Pandis and Theodore Eliades).IntroductionRelevant literaturePotential factors affecting OIIRR9 Attachment of Oral Microbiota to Dental Surfaces (Daniel J. Smith).IntroductionThe oral bacterial challengeSalivary component interactions with oral bacteriaAdaptive immunity in the oral cavity10 Salivary Levels of Cariogenic Bacteria in Patients Treated with Self-Ligating and Conventional Brackets (William Papaioannou, Nikolaos Pandis and Theodore Eliades).IntroductionEffect of orthodontic therapy on oral cariogenic bacteria11 Periodontal Impact of Orthodontic Treatment with Self-Ligating Brackets (Jan van Gastel, Marc Quirynen, Wim Teughels and Carine Carels).IntroductionShort-term effectsLong-term effectsDifferent bracket systems12 Treatment Mechanics with Self-Ligating Brackets (David Birnie).IntroductionDiagnostic philosophiesAspects of clinical biomechanicsArchwire sequencing with self-ligating bracketsTooth movementRetentionIndex

"The introduction and subsequent 12 chapters have been written by a pool of 18 internation authors.  Each chapter is supported by literature references and there is a four-page index." (BDA News, December 2010)