Sea in the Middle

Thomas E. Burman is Professor of History at University of Notre Dame. He is a scholar of Christian-Muslim-Jewish intellectual and cultural history in the medieval Mediterranean. His book Reading the Qur’an in Latin Christendom was awarded the Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History.    Brian A. Catlos is Professor of Religious Studies at University of Colorado Boulder. He works on Christian-Muslim-Jewish relations in the premodern Mediterranean. His most recent book, Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain, is available in eight languages and as an audiobook.Mark D. Meyerson is Professor in the Department of History and Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto. He works on Christian-Muslim-Jewish relations in the premodern Mediterranean and on the history of violence. His book A Jewish Renaissance in Fifteenth-Century Spain was runner-up for the National Jewish Book Award, USA.

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsA Note on ConventionsIntroduction. The Mediterranean: Land, Sea, and PeoplePART I. THE HELLENO-ISLAMIC MEDITERRANEAN (650–1050 CE):THE MAKING OF THE HELLENO-ISLAMIC MEDITERRANEAN 1 The Legacy of EmpireThe Age of Empires ARTIFACT: Negotiating Conquest: The Pact of ꞌUmar and the Treaty of Tudmir Faith and PowerARTIFACT: Images of Empire: Basil II, Otto III, and ꞌAbd al-Malik2 Mediterranean ConnectionsConflict and IntegrationARTIFACT: al-Qahira (Cairo): The Evolution of an Imperial CapitalConnection and Exchange ARTIFACT: The Ribat-Funduq of Sousse (Susa): Military, Commercial, and ReligiousInfrastructure in the Islamic Mediterranean3 Conversion and the Consolidation of IdentitiesMuslim Conquest and Christian ConversionARTIFACT: The Dome of the Rock in JerusalemByzantine Christianity and the Eastern ChurchesThe Imperial Church under Siege ARTIFACT: The Church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople The Latin Church in the West An Islamo-Judaic Mediterranean 4 Peoples of the Book Reading Their BooksARTIFACT: Wearing God’s Book in Medieval EgyptGod’s Books Holy Books and ScholarsHoly Books and Greco-Roman ThinkingARTIFACT: Medieval Readers: Greco-Roman TextsInterpretation, Unity, and PowerARTIFACT: Jewish Responsa and Muslim Fatwas PART II. AN AGE OF CONFLICT AND COLLABORATION (1050–1350 CE):THE MEDITERRANEAN FROM THE EDGES5 Holy and Unholy War Pilgrims and Predators, ca. 1050–1150 ARTIFACT: Holy WarThe Contested Mediterranean, ca. 1150–1250 ARTIFACT: Venice’s St. Mark’s Square and the Plundering of the Past6 A Connected Sea Conflict and Integration, ca. 1250–1350ARTIFACT: Whose Art? Transregional Sensibilities and Itinerant ObjectsMediterranean Connections, ca. 1050–1350ARTIFACT: To the Sea in ShipsStrategies and Structures, ca. 1050–1350ARTIFACT: Mapping the Mediterranean and the World7 Mediterranean Societies The Politics of DiversityARTIFACT: The Many Faces of Roger IIComplex Societies ARTIFACT: The Mosque and Hospital at Divriği Cosmopolitan Communities ARTIFACT: The Architecture of Power in the Iberian Peninsula8 Reading Each Others’ Books Translators and Terrific Stories ARTIFACT: Alexander the Great in Latin, Hebrew, and ArabicTheir Scripture, Our LanguageTalking ReligionARTIFACT: Interreligious Conversations, Real and Imagined9 A Sea of Technology, Science, and Philosophy TechnologyARTIFACT: Qanat and NoriaScience ARTIFACT: The Seven HeavensAristotle: The Master of All Who Know PART III. THE CONTEST FOR THE MEDITERRENEAN (1350–1650 CE):NEW EMPIRES, NEW SECTS, NEW WORLDS10 Imperial Rivalry and Sectarian StrifeThe Rise of Frontier Empires, ca. 1350–1500ARTIFACT: Papal Propaganda in Renaissance RomeThe Duel of Empires and the Web of Alliances, ca. 1500–1650ARTIFACT: Dueling Caesars: Representations of Ottoman and Habsburg Imperial Power11 Minorities and DiasporasToward Religious Uniformity in the Catholic MediterraneanARTIFACT: The Lead Books of GranadaReligious Pluralism in the Muslim MediterraneanARTIFACT: Orthodox Monasteries and the Ottoman EmpireDiasporasARTIFACT: The Jewish Ghetto in Venice 32612 Slavery and Captivity, 650–1650Medieval Transformations of an Ancient InstitutionLife of the EnslavedARTIFACT: The Ottoman HaremCaptives and Ransoming ARTIFACT: Malta Transformed: The Impact of the Order of the Knights of St. JohnSlavery and RacismARTIFACT: Black Africans in the Art of Western Mediterranean Christians13 Mystical Messiahs and Converts, Humanists and ArmorersMediterranean MysticsARTIFACT: El Greco: Painting the Mystical across the MediterraneanMediterranean MessiahsARTIFACT: Mediterranean Predictions of the End, 1450–1650 ConvertsHumanists and Philosophers, Scientists and EngineersARTIFACT: Optics and Eyeglasses14 Family, Gender, and Honor, ca. 650–1650Honorable FamiliesARTIFACT: Marriage Issues in the Jewish Diaspora: The Case of the Ottoman Near EastWomen Inside, Women OutsideARTIFACT: Women and Inquisitors in the Early Modern MediterraneanMen and Violence15 Mediterranean Economies and Societies in a Widening WorldEconomy and Society after the Black DeathARTIFACT: The Venetian Arsenal and Venetian GalleysEconomic and Social Problems in an Age of EmpireThe Mediterranean and the AtlanticARTIFACT: Profit, Fear, and Fascination: Elizabethan England and the Muslim WorldEpilogue: Luís de Torres in Cuba, Ishmael in the South Pacific: A World GrownLarger, a Sea Grown Smaller?Index