Marcel Boumans is historian and philosopher of science at the University of Amsterdam and Erasmus University Rotterdam. His main research focus is on understanding empirical research practices in economics from a philosophy of science-in-practice perspective. He is particularly interested in the practices of measurement and modeling and the role of mathematics in social science.

• Chapter 1: Introduction ; Chapter 2: Measurement ; Chapter 3: Calculus of Observations ; Chapter 4: The Problem of Passive Observation ; Chapter 5: Clinical Judgement ; Chapter 6: Consensus ; Chapter 7: Conclusions

In Science Outside the Laboratory, Marcel Boumans addresses the less familiar of science's Janus faces-not the realm of detached investigation aimed at eternal truth, but the sources of our understanding for our most urgent quotidian concerns. How can science provide reliable numbers to support decision-making in a messy world? Drawing on a deep well of historical knowledge, Boumans explores the parts of science that are too often taken for granted-quantification, measurement, and observation-and the problems of extracting reliable conclusions from uncertain information. This important book should be read by historians, philosophers, and scientific practitioners alike.

Marcel Boumans is historian and philosopher of science at the University of Amsterdam and Erasmus University Rotterdam. His main research focus is on understanding empirical research practices in economics from a philosophy of science-in-practice perspective. He is particularly interested in the practices of measurement and modeling and the role of mathematics in social science.

• Chapter 1: Introduction ; Chapter 2: Measurement ; Chapter 3: Calculus of Observations ; Chapter 4: The Problem of Passive Observation ; Chapter 5: Clinical Judgement ; Chapter 6: Consensus ; Chapter 7: Conclusions

In Science Outside the Laboratory, Marcel Boumans addresses the less familiar of science's Janus faces-not the realm of detached investigation aimed at eternal truth, but the sources of our understanding for our most urgent quotidian concerns. How can science provide reliable numbers to support decision-making in a messy world? Drawing on a deep well of historical knowledge, Boumans explores the parts of science that are too often taken for granted-quantification, measurement, and observation-and the problems of extracting reliable conclusions from uncertain information. This important book should be read by historians, philosophers, and scientific practitioners alike.

Marcel Boumans is historian and philosopher of science at the University of Amsterdam and Erasmus University Rotterdam. His main research focus is on understanding empirical research practices in economics from a philosophy of science-in-practice perspective. He is particularly interested in the practices of measurement and modeling and the role of mathematics in social science.

• Chapter 1: Introduction ; Chapter 2: Measurement ; Chapter 3: Calculus of Observations ; Chapter 4: The Problem of Passive Observation ; Chapter 5: Clinical Judgement ; Chapter 6: Consensus ; Chapter 7: Conclusions

In Science Outside the Laboratory, Marcel Boumans addresses the less familiar of science's Janus faces-not the realm of detached investigation aimed at eternal truth, but the sources of our understanding for our most urgent quotidian concerns. How can science provide reliable numbers to support decision-making in a messy world? Drawing on a deep well of historical knowledge, Boumans explores the parts of science that are too often taken for granted-quantification, measurement, and observation-and the problems of extracting reliable conclusions from uncertain information. This important book should be read by historians, philosophers, and scientific practitioners alike.