Robert W. Hefner is Director of the Program on Islam and Civil Society at the Institute on Culture and Religious Affairs at Boston University. Muhammad Qasim Zaman is Robert H. Niehaus '77 Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Religion at Princeton University.

• Acknowledgments vii A Note on Transliteration and Spelling ix Contributors xi CHAPTER 1: Introduction: The Culture, Politics, and Future of Muslim Education by Robert W. Hefner 1 CHAPTER 2: Madrasas Medieval and Modern: Politics, Education, and the Problem of Muslim Identity by Jonathan P. Berkey 40 CHAPTER 3: Tradition and Authority in Deobandi Madrasas of South Asia by Muhammad Qasim Zaman 61 CHAPTER 4: Madrasas and Minorities in Secular India by Barbara Metcalf 87 CHAPTER 5: The "Recentering" of Religious Knowledge and Discourse: The Case of al-Azhar in Twentieth-Century Egypt by Malika Zeghal 107 CHAPTER 6: Madrasas in Morocco: Their Vanishing Public Role by Dale F. Eickelman 131 CHAPTER 7: Islam and Education in Secular Turkey: State Policies and the Emergence of the Fethullah Gulen Group by Bekim Agai 149 CHAPTER 8: Pesantren and Madrasa: Muslim Schools and National Ideals in Indonesia by Azyumardi Azra, Dina Afrianty, and Robert W. Hefner 172 CHAPTER 9: The Transformation of Muslim Schooling in Mali: The Madrasa as an Institution of Social and Religious Mediation by Louis Brenner 199 CHAPTER 10: Islamic Education in Britain: Approaches to Religious Knowledge in a Pluralistic Society by Peter Mandaville 224 CHAPTER 11: Epilogue: Competing Conceptions of Religious Education by Muhammad Qasim Zaman 242 Index 269

"Hefner provides the reader with an excellent historical background which can help in appreciating the scale of the change now taking place in Islamic education, and their implications for public culture and politics... This book is highly recommended for American and European media pundits and politicians to read and be honest with themselves and their constituents about the positive nature of mainstream madrasas throughout the Muslim world, and stop demonizing them, and the education they provide."--Mohammed M. Aman, Ph.D., Digest of Middle East Studies