Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves

Leung Tsang is the author of Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications, published by Wiley. Jin Au Kong was an American expert in applied electromagnetics. He was a 74th-generation lineal descendent of the famous Chinese philosopher Confucius.

• PREFACE xiCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY A SINGLE PARTICLE 11 Basic Scattering Parameters 21.1 Scattering Amplitudes and Cross Sections 21.2 Scattering Amplitude Matrix 62 Rayleigh Scattering 92.1 Rayleigh Scattering by a Small Particle 92.2 Rayleigh Scattering by a Sphere 102.3 Rayleigh Scattering by an Ellipsoid 122.4 Scattering Dyads 143 Integral Representations of Scattering and Born Approximation 163.1 Integral Expression for Scattering Amplitude 163.2 Born Approximation 184 Plane Waves, Cylindrical Waves, and Spherical Waves 214.1 Cartesian Coordinates: Plane Waves 214.2 Cylindrical Waves 224.3 Spherical Waves 245 Acoustic Scattering 306 Scattering by Spheres, Cylinders, and Disks 326.1 Mie Scattering 326.2 Scattering by a Finite Length Cylinder Using the Infinite Cylinder Approximation 416.3 Scattering by a Disk Based on the Infinite Disk Approximation 46References and Additional Readings 52CHAPTER 2 BASIC THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING 531 Dyadic Green's Function 541.1 Green's Functions 541.2 Plane Wave Representation 551.3 Cylindrical Waves 571.4 Spherical Waves 592 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem 603 Active Remote Sensing and Bistatic Scattering Coefficients 664 Optical Theorem 685 Reciprocity and Symmetry 735.1 Reciprocity 735.2 Reciprocal Relations for Bistatic Scattering Coefficients and Scattering Amplitudes 755.3 Symmetry Relations for Dyadic Green's Function 796 Eulerian Angles of Rotation 817 T-Matrix 837.1 T-Matrix and Relation to Scattering Amplitudes 837.2 Unitarity and Symmetry 888 Extended Boundary Condition 918.1 Extended Boundary Condition Technique 918.2 Spheres 978.2.1 Scattering and Absorption for Arbitrary Excitation 1008.2.2 Mie Scattering of Coated Sphere 1028.3 Spheroids 104References and Additional Readings 106CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF RANDOM SCATTERING 1071 Radar Equation for Conglomeration of Scatterers 1082 Stokes Parameters and Phase Matrices 1162.1 Elliptical Polarization, Stokes Parameters, Partial Polarization 1162.2 Stokes Matrix 1232.3 Scattering per Unit Volume and Phase Matrix 1242.4 Rayleigh Phase Matrix 1272.5 Phase Matrix of Random Media 1293 Fluctuating Fields 1313.1 Coherent and Incoherent Fields 1313.2 Probability Distribution of Scattered Fields and Polarimetric Description 1324 Specific Intensity 1405 Passive Remote Sensing 1455.1 Planck's Radiation Law and Brightness Temperature 1455.2 KirchhofT's Law 1495.3 Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem 1525.4 Emissivity of Four Stokes Parameters 1556 Correlation Function of Fields 161References and Additional Readings 165CHAPTER 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISCRETE SCATTERERS AND ROUGH SURFACES 1671 Ice 1682 Snow 1703 Vegetation 1714 Atmosphere 1725 Correlation Function and Pair Distribution Function 1735.1 Correlation Function 1745.2 Pair Distribution Function 1766 Gaussian Rough Surface and Spectral Density 1797 Soil and Rocky Surfaces 1848 Ocean Surface 185References and Additional Readings 195CHAPTER 5 SCATTERING AND EMISSION BY LAYERED MEDIA 1991 Incoherent Approach of Radiative Transfer 2002 Wave Approach 2032.1 Reflection and Transmission 2032.2 Dyadic Green's Function for Stratified Medium 2072.3 Brightness Temperatures for a Stratified Medium with Temperature Distribution 2123 Comparison Between Incoherent Approach and Coherent Approach 2174 Applications to Passive Remote Sensing of Soil 220References and Additional Readings 229CHAPTER 6 SINGLE SCATTERING AND APPLICATIONS 2311 Single Scattering and Particle Position Correlation 2322 Applications of Single Scattering 2372.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar 2372.2 Interferometric SAR 2482.3 Active Remote Sensing of Half-Space Random Media 252References and Additional Readings 258CHAPTER 7 RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 2591 Scalar Radiative Transfer Theory 2602 Vector Radiative Transfer Theory 2692.1 Phase Matrix of Independent Scattering 2692.2 Extinction Matrix 2722.3 Emission Vector 2752.4 Boundary Conditions 283References and Additional Readings 286CHAPTER 8 SOLUTION TECHNIQUES OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 2871 Iterative Method 2881.1 Iterative Procedure 2881.2 Integral Equation for Scattering Problems 2931.3 Active Remote Sensing of a Half-Space of Spherical Particles 2981.4 Active Remote Sensing of a Layer of Nonspherical Particles 3031.4.1 Numerical Illustrations with Finite Dielectric Cylinders 3101.5 Second-Order Scattering from Isotropic Point Scatterers 3222 Discrete Ordinate-Eigenanalysis Method 3242.1 Radiative Transfer Solution for Laminar Structures 3242.2 Numerical Procedure of Discrete Ordinate Method: Normal Incidence 3282.3 Active Remote Sensing: Oblique Incidence 3372.4 Discrete Ordinate Method for Passive Remote Sensing 3432.5 Passive Remote Sensing of a Three-Dimensional Random Medium 3492.6 Passive Remote Sensing of a Layer of Mie Scatterers Overlying a Dielectric Half-Space 3523 Invariant Imbedding 3623.1 One-Dimensional Problem 3633.2 Passive Remote Sensing of a Three-Dimensional Scattering Medium with Inhomogeneous Profiles 3703.3 Passive Remote Sensing of a Three-Dimensional Random Medium 3733.4 Thermal Emission of Layers of Spherical Scatterers in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Absorption and Temperature Profiles 3744 Diffusion Approximation 380References and Additional Readings 386CHAPTER 9 ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING 3891 Introduction 3902 Statistics of Random Rough Surface 3922.1 Statistics, Correlation Function and Spectral Density 3922.2 Characteristic Functions 3963 Small Perturbation Method 3973.1 Dirichlet Problem for One-Dimensional Surface 3973.2 Neumann Problem for One-Dimensional Surface 4034 Kirchhoff Approach 4074.1 Dirichlet Problem for One-Dimensional Surface 4084.2 Neumann Problem for One-Dimensional Surface 415References and Additional Readings 417INDEX 419