Mark Gibney is the Belk Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville, USA, and an Affiliated Scholar at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute in Lund, Sweden. Gamze Erdem Türkelli is at the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium. Markus Krajewski is Professor at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, and Director of the Centre for Human Rights Erlangen-Nürnberg (CHREN), Germany. Wouter Vandenhole holds the Human Rights Chair at the Law Faculty of the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium.

• Introduction PART I Conceptualization and theoretical foundations 1 The historical development of extraterritorial obligations 2 Global human rights obligations 3 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and responsibility under international law 4 Justifying extraterritorial human rights obligations: An ethical perspective 5 Nowhere countries: When states use extra-territoriality at home to circumvent legal, human and refugee rights 6 Digitalization: The new extraterritorial challenge to extraterritorial obligations PART II Enforcement 7 Extraterritorial obligations in the United Nations system: UN treaty bodies 8 Extraterritorial obligations in the inter-American human rights system 9 Extraterritorial obligations in the European human rights system 10 Enforcement of extraterritorial human rights obligations in the African human rights system PART III Migration and refugee protection 11 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in regard to refugees and migrants 12 The establishment of ETOs in the context of externalised migration control 13 Climate change displacement and socio-economic rights of the child under the African human rights system: The relevance of ETOs 14 Diplomatic asylum and extraterritorial non-refoulement: The foundational and enduring contribution of Latin America to extraterritorial human rights obligations PART IV Financial assistance and sanctions 15 Human rights-based approaches to development assistance and policies 16 Financialization of development cooperation: ETO responses 17 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and sovereign debt 18 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in the context of economic sanctions PART V Finance, investment and trade 19 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and international financial institutions 20 Home-state regulation of corporations 21 International tax transparency and Least Developed Countries 22 Corruption, human rights and extraterritorial obligations 23 Obligations of international assistance and cooperation in the context of investment law 24 Access to medicines and the TRIPS agreement: Recognising extraterritorial human rights obligations PART VI Peace and security 25 Extraordinary rendition: A classic example of the USA avoiding ETOs as seen from Europe 26 Surveillance and cyber operations 27 Arms trade and weapons export control 28 Extraterritorial military action 29 Cybersecurity and extraterritorial obligations of states PART VII Environment 30 Climate justice and the ETOs 31 Cross-border pollution 32 ETOs and biodiversity: A right to food perspective on the intersection of human rights and environmental law PART VIII Conclusion 33 Conclusions: The future of extraterritorial human rights obligations

"The editors have been working on extraterritorial human rights obligations for years and have brought their collective experience to bear on this welcome volume. Up to the moment, wide-ranging and with specialist coverage, this is an extremely valuable compendium that assesses international law beyond borders as if people matter."Margot Salomon, London School of Economics, UK"While the general area of extraterritoriality is relatively new, and at times described as ‘metaphysics of human rights law’, this volume takes the discourse to new heights in covering novel areas such as digitalisation, cyber operations, arms control, climate change and refugee rights in the context of extraterritorial human rights obligations. Written by some of the pioneers of the field of extraterritoriality, the book is a great addition to the emerging literature on the topic. What is equally impressive about this book is its coverage of global as well as regional human rights systems, both in theory and practice."Takele Soboka Bulto, Legal Adviser, Peace and Security Department, African Union"This rich and comprehensive collection of different aspects of the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties is a welcome addition to the academic discourse. Through its variety of subjects and perspectives, the book will help in understanding the complexities of the topic and move the thinking about the development of the law further."Fons Coomans, Maastricht University, The Netherlands

Mark Gibney is the Belk Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville, USA, and an Affiliated Scholar at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute in Lund, Sweden. Gamze Erdem Türkelli is at the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium. Markus Krajewski is Professor at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, and Director of the Centre for Human Rights Erlangen-Nürnberg (CHREN), Germany. Wouter Vandenhole holds the Human Rights Chair at the Law Faculty of the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium.

• Introduction PART I Conceptualization and theoretical foundations 1 The historical development of extraterritorial obligations 2 Global human rights obligations 3 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and responsibility under international law 4 Justifying extraterritorial human rights obligations: An ethical perspective 5 Nowhere countries: When states use extra-territoriality at home to circumvent legal, human and refugee rights 6 Digitalization: The new extraterritorial challenge to extraterritorial obligations PART II Enforcement 7 Extraterritorial obligations in the United Nations system: UN treaty bodies 8 Extraterritorial obligations in the inter-American human rights system 9 Extraterritorial obligations in the European human rights system 10 Enforcement of extraterritorial human rights obligations in the African human rights system PART III Migration and refugee protection 11 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in regard to refugees and migrants 12 The establishment of ETOs in the context of externalised migration control 13 Climate change displacement and socio-economic rights of the child under the African human rights system: The relevance of ETOs 14 Diplomatic asylum and extraterritorial non-refoulement: The foundational and enduring contribution of Latin America to extraterritorial human rights obligations PART IV Financial assistance and sanctions 15 Human rights-based approaches to development assistance and policies 16 Financialization of development cooperation: ETO responses 17 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and sovereign debt 18 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in the context of economic sanctions PART V Finance, investment and trade 19 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and international financial institutions 20 Home-state regulation of corporations 21 International tax transparency and Least Developed Countries 22 Corruption, human rights and extraterritorial obligations 23 Obligations of international assistance and cooperation in the context of investment law 24 Access to medicines and the TRIPS agreement: Recognising extraterritorial human rights obligations PART VI Peace and security 25 Extraordinary rendition: A classic example of the USA avoiding ETOs as seen from Europe 26 Surveillance and cyber operations 27 Arms trade and weapons export control 28 Extraterritorial military action 29 Cybersecurity and extraterritorial obligations of states PART VII Environment 30 Climate justice and the ETOs 31 Cross-border pollution 32 ETOs and biodiversity: A right to food perspective on the intersection of human rights and environmental law PART VIII Conclusion 33 Conclusions: The future of extraterritorial human rights obligations

"The editors have been working on extraterritorial human rights obligations for years and have brought their collective experience to bear on this welcome volume. Up to the moment, wide-ranging and with specialist coverage, this is an extremely valuable compendium that assesses international law beyond borders as if people matter."Margot Salomon, London School of Economics, UK"While the general area of extraterritoriality is relatively new, and at times described as ‘metaphysics of human rights law’, this volume takes the discourse to new heights in covering novel areas such as digitalisation, cyber operations, arms control, climate change and refugee rights in the context of extraterritorial human rights obligations. Written by some of the pioneers of the field of extraterritoriality, the book is a great addition to the emerging literature on the topic. What is equally impressive about this book is its coverage of global as well as regional human rights systems, both in theory and practice."Takele Soboka Bulto, Legal Adviser, Peace and Security Department, African Union"This rich and comprehensive collection of different aspects of the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties is a welcome addition to the academic discourse. Through its variety of subjects and perspectives, the book will help in understanding the complexities of the topic and move the thinking about the development of the law further."Fons Coomans, Maastricht University, The Netherlands

Mark Gibney is the Belk Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville, USA, and an Affiliated Scholar at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute in Lund, Sweden. Gamze Erdem Türkelli is at the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium. Markus Krajewski is Professor at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, and Director of the Centre for Human Rights Erlangen-Nürnberg (CHREN), Germany. Wouter Vandenhole holds the Human Rights Chair at the Law Faculty of the University of Antwerp, Law and Development Research Group, Belgium.

• Introduction PART I Conceptualization and theoretical foundations 1 The historical development of extraterritorial obligations 2 Global human rights obligations 3 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and responsibility under international law 4 Justifying extraterritorial human rights obligations: An ethical perspective 5 Nowhere countries: When states use extra-territoriality at home to circumvent legal, human and refugee rights 6 Digitalization: The new extraterritorial challenge to extraterritorial obligations PART II Enforcement 7 Extraterritorial obligations in the United Nations system: UN treaty bodies 8 Extraterritorial obligations in the inter-American human rights system 9 Extraterritorial obligations in the European human rights system 10 Enforcement of extraterritorial human rights obligations in the African human rights system PART III Migration and refugee protection 11 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in regard to refugees and migrants 12 The establishment of ETOs in the context of externalised migration control 13 Climate change displacement and socio-economic rights of the child under the African human rights system: The relevance of ETOs 14 Diplomatic asylum and extraterritorial non-refoulement: The foundational and enduring contribution of Latin America to extraterritorial human rights obligations PART IV Financial assistance and sanctions 15 Human rights-based approaches to development assistance and policies 16 Financialization of development cooperation: ETO responses 17 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and sovereign debt 18 Extraterritorial human rights obligations in the context of economic sanctions PART V Finance, investment and trade 19 Extraterritorial human rights obligations and international financial institutions 20 Home-state regulation of corporations 21 International tax transparency and Least Developed Countries 22 Corruption, human rights and extraterritorial obligations 23 Obligations of international assistance and cooperation in the context of investment law 24 Access to medicines and the TRIPS agreement: Recognising extraterritorial human rights obligations PART VI Peace and security 25 Extraordinary rendition: A classic example of the USA avoiding ETOs as seen from Europe 26 Surveillance and cyber operations 27 Arms trade and weapons export control 28 Extraterritorial military action 29 Cybersecurity and extraterritorial obligations of states PART VII Environment 30 Climate justice and the ETOs 31 Cross-border pollution 32 ETOs and biodiversity: A right to food perspective on the intersection of human rights and environmental law PART VIII Conclusion 33 Conclusions: The future of extraterritorial human rights obligations

"The editors have been working on extraterritorial human rights obligations for years and have brought their collective experience to bear on this welcome volume. Up to the moment, wide-ranging and with specialist coverage, this is an extremely valuable compendium that assesses international law beyond borders as if people matter."Margot Salomon, London School of Economics, UK"While the general area of extraterritoriality is relatively new, and at times described as ‘metaphysics of human rights law’, this volume takes the discourse to new heights in covering novel areas such as digitalisation, cyber operations, arms control, climate change and refugee rights in the context of extraterritorial human rights obligations. Written by some of the pioneers of the field of extraterritoriality, the book is a great addition to the emerging literature on the topic. What is equally impressive about this book is its coverage of global as well as regional human rights systems, both in theory and practice."Takele Soboka Bulto, Legal Adviser, Peace and Security Department, African Union"This rich and comprehensive collection of different aspects of the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties is a welcome addition to the academic discourse. Through its variety of subjects and perspectives, the book will help in understanding the complexities of the topic and move the thinking about the development of the law further."Fons Coomans, Maastricht University, The Netherlands