Routledge Handbook of Translation, Interpreting and Crisis

Christophe Declercq, PhD, is a Lecturer in Translation at Utrecht University, Netherlands, and Honorary Senior Research Fellow at University College London, UK. He has published several articles and chapters on translation and language technology, and for a decade has been an evaluator for the European Commission on multilingual ICT projects. He has published as author and co-editor in the domain of cross-cultural communication at times of conflict, either in a historic or contemporary setting. Koen Kerremans is an Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium. His research interests pertain to terminology, translation technologies, and multilingual communication. He is a member of the Brussels Centre for Language Studies (BCLS) at VUB.

• List of illustrationsList of contributorsAbbreviations and acronymsIntroductionKoen Kerremans and Christophe DeclercqPART IPolicy and practices1 Translation, interpreting, language, and foreignness in crisis communication policy: 21 years of white papers in JapanPatrick Cadwell2 Redefining information accessibility in crisis translation: communicating COVID- 19 resources to culturally and linguistically diverse communities in AustraliaLintao Qi and Rita Wilson3 Accessible government crisis communication: recommendations based on the case of COVID- 19 in BelgiumMieke Vandenbroucke, Nina Reviers, Gert Vercauteren, Anna Jankowska, Bonnie Geerinck, Heleen Van Opstal, Isabelle Aujoulat, Karin Hannes, Khetam Al Sharou, Lien Vermeire, Maria- Cornelia Wermuth, Sarah Talboom, and Wessel van de Veerdonk4 Communicating Covid- 19: language access and linguistic rights in contemporary PeruRaquel de Pedro Ricoy5 Translation and interpreting as a guarantee for language access and linguistic rights for migrants in Brazil in the context of crisis intensified by the pandemicSabine Gorovitz and Teresa Dias Carneiro6 Multilingual crisis communication, language access, and linguistic rights in Sierra LeoneShaun Pickering, Chloe Franklin, Jonas Knauerhase, Pious Mannah, and Federico M. Federici7 The languages of Hong Kong’s international crisis relief responseMarija Todorova8 How did translators and interpreters in crisis communications get ignored? Overview of international effort in protecting our colleagues working in crisis settings and the rights of speakers of non-dominant languagesHenry Liu, Debra Russell, and Colin AllenPART IIProfessionalisation9 Interpreting in humanitarian negotiationLucía Ruiz Rosendo10 The ideal conflict zone interpreter: military perspectives and perceptions of interpreters’ skills and attitudesEleonora Bernardi11 Reinventing themselves– conflict zone interpreters from Afghanistan as interpreters for asylum seekers in Spain: a case study on impartiality, empathy and roleMaria Gómez Amich12 Widening the scope of interpreting in conflict settings: a description of the provision of interpreting during the 2021 Afghan evacuation to SpainRaquel Lázaro Gutiérrez and Gabriel Cabrera Méndez13 Interpreting ethics in crisis in the conflict zones: a focus on the Afghanistan WarPing Yang14 The crisis of the translator: an overview of the occupational situation of translation professionals during the Syrian civil warMadiha KassawatPART IIICommunity15 Interpreter and translator training: from crisis response to sustainable livelihoodsBarbara Moser- Mercer, Somia Qudah, Mona Malkawi, Jayne Mutiga, and Mohammed Al- Bataineh16 Interpreting as a form of humanitarian aid provision at an Italian NGO: challenges and outlooksMaura Radicioni17 Interpreters and language assistance in Galician NGDOs: situation, demand, and training needsMaribel Del- Pozo- Triviño, David Casado Neira, Silvia Pérez Freire, and Luzia Oca González18 Interpreters as catalysts for translation in refugee crises: creating a sense of community and belonging in migrant receptionElena Aguirre Fernández Bravo and Laura Paíno Peña19 Agents and collaboration in humanitarian interpreting/ translationCarmen Valero- Garcés20 Interpreting and positionality in conflict- affected societies of Rakhine State, MyanmarAnggi Wardani and Tengku Shahpur21 Vaccination narratives in a multilingual society: on intercultural communication and trustTanya Escudero and Jekaterina MaadlaPART IVLanguage strategies and solutions22 Exploring the accuracy and appropriateness of the translation of important government information for Samoan- speaking communities in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia during the COVID- 19 crisisHoy Neng Wong Soon and Ineke Crezee23 Localised terminology for COVID- 19 communication: use of vaccinerelated terminology in Arabic- speaking countriesSonia Halimi, Razieh Azari, and Mariem Harbaoui24 Omission and addition during crisis interpreting: a study on the Rohingya displacementMohammad Harun Or Rashid25 Women’s crises and gender- aware ethical practices in simultaneous conference interpretingGabriela Yañez26 Challenging the shortcomings of traditional translation in migration contexts: a translinguistic proposal for professionals in the humanitarian sectorRenato Tomei and Max Pardeilhan27 Risk communication: experimenting with automatic speech recognition as the first step of a combined speech- to- text and machine translation tool for risk reduction during pilot– controller communicationsBettina Bajaj

In the contributors’ chapters, the readers are handed the most precious gift for any researcher: many unanswered questions and urgent topics to investigate. In fact, this Handbook benefits from the contributions of both established and expert researchers as well as new and original thinkers, who collectively encourage readers to explore a wide range of cogent and relevant topics. These encompass everything from conceptualisations of crises in multicultural and multilingual contexts, to addressing the practical yet often formidable challenges related to legal frameworks in local and international crises. Additionally, the Handbook delves into important considerations concerning the daily constraints confronted by practitioners operating in the international humanitarian and crisis- response sector. The editors elegantly managed to collate chapters that give voice to many often- marginalised regions and communities. This is a feat as decolonising and differentiating the field is among the key challenges in this area of Translation and Interpreting Studies: readers will find that this Handbook is a significant step in that direction. -Federico M. Federici, University College London, United Kingdom