Denise Merkle is a professor of translation at the Université de Moncton, Canada. She has published broadly on translation and censorship, minority and translation, and the translating subject, as well as (co-)editing collected volumes and journal issues. She is a member of the editorial committee of the journal TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction.Brian James Baer is Professor of Russian and Translation Studies at Kent State University. He is founding editor of the journal Translation and Interpreting Studies, and co-editor of the Bloomsbury book series Literatures, Cultures, Translation and of the Routledge book series Translation Studies in Translation. He is current president of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association and sits on the international advisory board of the Mona Baker Centre for Translation Studies at Shanghai International Studies University and of the Nida Centre for Advanced Study of Translation in Rimini, Italy.

• Introduction: Theorizing Translation and Censorship Brian James Baer and Denise MerklePART I: Illiberal and Religious Contexts1 Translation and Censorship in the Arab World and Its Diasporas Abdel- Wahab Khalifa and Salah Basalamah2 Suppression and Defiance: Translation and Censorship in GermanyElisabeth Gibbels3 Censorship in Modern Iran Arezou Dadvar4 Censorship in Russia: Tsarist, Soviet and Post-Soviet Contexts Natalia Kamovnikova5 Censorship of Translated Books in Turkey: An Overviewİrem KoncaPART IIColonial and Postcolonial Contexts 936 Cold War Politics in East Africa: Between Translation and Censorship 95Alamin Mazrui7 Translation and Censorship in the History of Estonia: Multilingualism,Linguistic Hierarchies and Centres of Power 109Daniele Monticelli8 Censorship and Translation in Hispanic South America: The FirstTranslation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 126Álvaro Echeverri9 Censorship of Translations in Latvia: A Historical Perspective 139Andrejs Veisbergs10 Censorship and Translation of Slovene Texts in the Habsburg Monarchyand the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 154Nike K. Pokorn11 Translation and Censorship in Ukraine under Russian and Austrian Rule,1800– 1917 165Oleksandr Kalnychenko and Lada KolomiyetsPART III: Communist/ Socialist Contexts 12 Censorship and Translation in China Tan Zaixi13 Censorship in Disguise: The Multiple Layers of Censorship of Literary Works in the GDR Hanna Blum14 Communist Censorship in Hungary and Beyond Zsófia Gombár15 Institutional Censorship and Literary Translation in Communist Poland, 1945–1958 Kamila Budrowska and Beata Piecychna16 Translation and Censorship in Soviet and Independent Ukraine Lada Kolomiyets and Oleksandr Kalnychenko17 Translation and Censorship in Romania Rodica Dimitriu18 Censorship under Communism in Socialist Slovenia Nike K. PokornPART IV: Democratic Capitalist Contexts 19 Censorship and Ideological Manipulation in Intralingual Literary Translation Manuel Moreno Tovar20 Censorship and Language Policy: The Case of Canada and Québec Denise Merkle21 Market Censorship and Translation Michelle Woods22 Translation and Censorship in Wartime: The Case of Canada and the United States of America Denise Merkle and Brian James BaerPART V: Fascist Contexts 23 Translating the Enemy in Fascist Italy: the Anthology Americana Christopher Rundle24 The Censorship of Translations and Foreign Books during the Portuguese Dictatorship (1934–1974) Teresa Seruya25 Censorship and Performed Translated Drama in Portugal during the Estado Novo (1950–1970) Manuela Carvalho26 Translation and Censorship in Spain: Focus on Francoism Maria del Carmen Camus Camus and Cristina Gómez Castro27 Censoring Sexuality in Translation: An Overview of Research on Spain (English–Spanish) José Santaemilia28 Censoring Women’s Writing in Translation in Franco’s Spain: A View from the ArchiveGora Zaragosa NinetPART VI: Genre- and Mode- specific Contexts 29 Religious Texts, Translation, and Censorship Jacobus A. Naudé and Cynthia L. Miller- Naudé30 On Translation and Censorship of Children’s Literature during the Cold War in Europe Eliisa Pitkäsalo and Riitta Oittinen31 The Censorship of Comics in Translation: The Case of Disney Comics Federico Zanettin32 Censorship in Video Game Localisation Ugo Ellefsen

Denise Merkle is a professor of translation at the Université de Moncton, Canada. She has published broadly on translation and censorship, minority and translation, and the translating subject, as well as (co-)editing collected volumes and journal issues. She is a member of the editorial committee of the journal TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction.Brian James Baer is Professor of Russian and Translation Studies at Kent State University. He is founding editor of the journal Translation and Interpreting Studies, and co-editor of the Bloomsbury book series Literatures, Cultures, Translation and of the Routledge book series Translation Studies in Translation. He is current president of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association and sits on the international advisory board of the Mona Baker Centre for Translation Studies at Shanghai International Studies University and of the Nida Centre for Advanced Study of Translation in Rimini, Italy.

• Introduction: Theorizing Translation and Censorship Brian James Baer and Denise MerklePART I: Illiberal and Religious Contexts1 Translation and Censorship in the Arab World and Its Diasporas Abdel- Wahab Khalifa and Salah Basalamah2 Suppression and Defiance: Translation and Censorship in GermanyElisabeth Gibbels3 Censorship in Modern Iran Arezou Dadvar4 Censorship in Russia: Tsarist, Soviet and Post-Soviet Contexts Natalia Kamovnikova5 Censorship of Translated Books in Turkey: An Overviewİrem KoncaPART IIColonial and Postcolonial Contexts 936 Cold War Politics in East Africa: Between Translation and Censorship 95Alamin Mazrui7 Translation and Censorship in the History of Estonia: Multilingualism,Linguistic Hierarchies and Centres of Power 109Daniele Monticelli8 Censorship and Translation in Hispanic South America: The FirstTranslation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 126Álvaro Echeverri9 Censorship of Translations in Latvia: A Historical Perspective 139Andrejs Veisbergs10 Censorship and Translation of Slovene Texts in the Habsburg Monarchyand the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 154Nike K. Pokorn11 Translation and Censorship in Ukraine under Russian and Austrian Rule,1800– 1917 165Oleksandr Kalnychenko and Lada KolomiyetsPART III: Communist/ Socialist Contexts 12 Censorship and Translation in China Tan Zaixi13 Censorship in Disguise: The Multiple Layers of Censorship of Literary Works in the GDR Hanna Blum14 Communist Censorship in Hungary and Beyond Zsófia Gombár15 Institutional Censorship and Literary Translation in Communist Poland, 1945–1958 Kamila Budrowska and Beata Piecychna16 Translation and Censorship in Soviet and Independent Ukraine Lada Kolomiyets and Oleksandr Kalnychenko17 Translation and Censorship in Romania Rodica Dimitriu18 Censorship under Communism in Socialist Slovenia Nike K. PokornPART IV: Democratic Capitalist Contexts 19 Censorship and Ideological Manipulation in Intralingual Literary Translation Manuel Moreno Tovar20 Censorship and Language Policy: The Case of Canada and Québec Denise Merkle21 Market Censorship and Translation Michelle Woods22 Translation and Censorship in Wartime: The Case of Canada and the United States of America Denise Merkle and Brian James BaerPART V: Fascist Contexts 23 Translating the Enemy in Fascist Italy: the Anthology Americana Christopher Rundle24 The Censorship of Translations and Foreign Books during the Portuguese Dictatorship (1934–1974) Teresa Seruya25 Censorship and Performed Translated Drama in Portugal during the Estado Novo (1950–1970) Manuela Carvalho26 Translation and Censorship in Spain: Focus on Francoism Maria del Carmen Camus Camus and Cristina Gómez Castro27 Censoring Sexuality in Translation: An Overview of Research on Spain (English–Spanish) José Santaemilia28 Censoring Women’s Writing in Translation in Franco’s Spain: A View from the ArchiveGora Zaragosa NinetPART VI: Genre- and Mode- specific Contexts 29 Religious Texts, Translation, and Censorship Jacobus A. Naudé and Cynthia L. Miller- Naudé30 On Translation and Censorship of Children’s Literature during the Cold War in Europe Eliisa Pitkäsalo and Riitta Oittinen31 The Censorship of Comics in Translation: The Case of Disney Comics Federico Zanettin32 Censorship in Video Game Localisation Ugo Ellefsen

Denise Merkle is a professor of translation at the Université de Moncton, Canada. She has published broadly on translation and censorship, minority and translation, and the translating subject, as well as (co-)editing collected volumes and journal issues. She is a member of the editorial committee of the journal TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction.Brian James Baer is Professor of Russian and Translation Studies at Kent State University. He is founding editor of the journal Translation and Interpreting Studies, and co-editor of the Bloomsbury book series Literatures, Cultures, Translation and of the Routledge book series Translation Studies in Translation. He is current president of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association and sits on the international advisory board of the Mona Baker Centre for Translation Studies at Shanghai International Studies University and of the Nida Centre for Advanced Study of Translation in Rimini, Italy.

• Introduction: Theorizing Translation and Censorship Brian James Baer and Denise MerklePART I: Illiberal and Religious Contexts1 Translation and Censorship in the Arab World and Its Diasporas Abdel- Wahab Khalifa and Salah Basalamah2 Suppression and Defiance: Translation and Censorship in GermanyElisabeth Gibbels3 Censorship in Modern Iran Arezou Dadvar4 Censorship in Russia: Tsarist, Soviet and Post-Soviet Contexts Natalia Kamovnikova5 Censorship of Translated Books in Turkey: An Overviewİrem KoncaPART IIColonial and Postcolonial Contexts 936 Cold War Politics in East Africa: Between Translation and Censorship 95Alamin Mazrui7 Translation and Censorship in the History of Estonia: Multilingualism,Linguistic Hierarchies and Centres of Power 109Daniele Monticelli8 Censorship and Translation in Hispanic South America: The FirstTranslation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 126Álvaro Echeverri9 Censorship of Translations in Latvia: A Historical Perspective 139Andrejs Veisbergs10 Censorship and Translation of Slovene Texts in the Habsburg Monarchyand the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 154Nike K. Pokorn11 Translation and Censorship in Ukraine under Russian and Austrian Rule,1800– 1917 165Oleksandr Kalnychenko and Lada KolomiyetsPART III: Communist/ Socialist Contexts 12 Censorship and Translation in China Tan Zaixi13 Censorship in Disguise: The Multiple Layers of Censorship of Literary Works in the GDR Hanna Blum14 Communist Censorship in Hungary and Beyond Zsófia Gombár15 Institutional Censorship and Literary Translation in Communist Poland, 1945–1958 Kamila Budrowska and Beata Piecychna16 Translation and Censorship in Soviet and Independent Ukraine Lada Kolomiyets and Oleksandr Kalnychenko17 Translation and Censorship in Romania Rodica Dimitriu18 Censorship under Communism in Socialist Slovenia Nike K. PokornPART IV: Democratic Capitalist Contexts 19 Censorship and Ideological Manipulation in Intralingual Literary Translation Manuel Moreno Tovar20 Censorship and Language Policy: The Case of Canada and Québec Denise Merkle21 Market Censorship and Translation Michelle Woods22 Translation and Censorship in Wartime: The Case of Canada and the United States of America Denise Merkle and Brian James BaerPART V: Fascist Contexts 23 Translating the Enemy in Fascist Italy: the Anthology Americana Christopher Rundle24 The Censorship of Translations and Foreign Books during the Portuguese Dictatorship (1934–1974) Teresa Seruya25 Censorship and Performed Translated Drama in Portugal during the Estado Novo (1950–1970) Manuela Carvalho26 Translation and Censorship in Spain: Focus on Francoism Maria del Carmen Camus Camus and Cristina Gómez Castro27 Censoring Sexuality in Translation: An Overview of Research on Spain (English–Spanish) José Santaemilia28 Censoring Women’s Writing in Translation in Franco’s Spain: A View from the ArchiveGora Zaragosa NinetPART VI: Genre- and Mode- specific Contexts 29 Religious Texts, Translation, and Censorship Jacobus A. Naudé and Cynthia L. Miller- Naudé30 On Translation and Censorship of Children’s Literature during the Cold War in Europe Eliisa Pitkäsalo and Riitta Oittinen31 The Censorship of Comics in Translation: The Case of Disney Comics Federico Zanettin32 Censorship in Video Game Localisation Ugo Ellefsen