Metin Heper is Professor of Political Science at Bilkent University in Ankara and a founding and honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences.Sabri Sayarı is Professor of Political Science at Sabancı University in Istanbul.

• Introduction Part 1: History 1. Early Ottoman Period 2. Modern Ottoman Period 3. The Young Turks and the Committee of Union and Progress 4. World War I and the Establishment of the Republic 5. Ottoman Economic Legacy from the Nineteenth Century 6. The Turkish Republic Part 2: Culture 7. Cinema 8. Literature 9. Fine Arts 10. Music 11. Islam 12. Architecture 13. Television and Media Part 3: Politics 14. Kemalism/Atatürkism 15. Civil-Military Relations 16. Voting Behavior 17. Political Culture 18. Political Parties 19. Constitutions and Political System 20. Secularism 21. Religion and Politics 22. Foreign Policy 23. Turkey and the European Union 24. The Kurds Part 4: Society 25. Women 26. Youth 27. Minorities 28. Urbanization and Urbanism 29. Cities Part 5: Geography 30. Environment 31. Demography and Immigration/Emigration Part 6: Economy 32. Political Economy 33. Industry 34. Employment, Inequality, and Poverty 35. Liberalization

Metin Heper is Professor of Political Science at Bilkent University in Ankara and a founding and honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences.Sabri Sayarı is Professor of Political Science at Sabancı University in Istanbul.

• Introduction Part 1: History 1. Early Ottoman Period 2. Modern Ottoman Period 3. The Young Turks and the Committee of Union and Progress 4. World War I and the Establishment of the Republic 5. Ottoman Economic Legacy from the Nineteenth Century 6. The Turkish Republic Part 2: Culture 7. Cinema 8. Literature 9. Fine Arts 10. Music 11. Islam 12. Architecture 13. Television and Media Part 3: Politics 14. Kemalism/Atatürkism 15. Civil-Military Relations 16. Voting Behavior 17. Political Culture 18. Political Parties 19. Constitutions and Political System 20. Secularism 21. Religion and Politics 22. Foreign Policy 23. Turkey and the European Union 24. The Kurds Part 4: Society 25. Women 26. Youth 27. Minorities 28. Urbanization and Urbanism 29. Cities Part 5: Geography 30. Environment 31. Demography and Immigration/Emigration Part 6: Economy 32. Political Economy 33. Industry 34. Employment, Inequality, and Poverty 35. Liberalization

Metin Heper is Professor of Political Science at Bilkent University in Ankara and a founding and honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences.Sabri Sayarı is Professor of Political Science at Sabancı University in Istanbul.

• Introduction Part 1: History 1. Early Ottoman Period 2. Modern Ottoman Period 3. The Young Turks and the Committee of Union and Progress 4. World War I and the Establishment of the Republic 5. Ottoman Economic Legacy from the Nineteenth Century 6. The Turkish Republic Part 2: Culture 7. Cinema 8. Literature 9. Fine Arts 10. Music 11. Islam 12. Architecture 13. Television and Media Part 3: Politics 14. Kemalism/Atatürkism 15. Civil-Military Relations 16. Voting Behavior 17. Political Culture 18. Political Parties 19. Constitutions and Political System 20. Secularism 21. Religion and Politics 22. Foreign Policy 23. Turkey and the European Union 24. The Kurds Part 4: Society 25. Women 26. Youth 27. Minorities 28. Urbanization and Urbanism 29. Cities Part 5: Geography 30. Environment 31. Demography and Immigration/Emigration Part 6: Economy 32. Political Economy 33. Industry 34. Employment, Inequality, and Poverty 35. Liberalization