David Hay is the Professor of Auditing at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. David is a former winner of the “Notable Contribution to the Auditing Literature Award” presented by the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association, with his co-authors.W. Robert Knechel is Distinguished Professor and the Frederick E. Fisher Eminent Scholar in Accounting at the University of Florida, US. He is the Director of the International Accounting and Auditing Center (IAAC).Marleen Willekens is Full Professor of Accounting and Auditing at KU Leuven, Belgium. Her research focuses on the economics of auditing, audit market structure, audit regulation, and audit quality.