Ela Babalık is Professor of City and Regional Planning, and a transport policy expert. Having been a member of the academic staff for over 25 years at the Department of City and Regional Planning in the Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey, she is teaching urban transport planning and transport policy as a part-time instructor at METU as well as carrying out training, policymaking projects, and consultancy work at the national and international level. Her areas of expertise include transport policy, sustainable mobility, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and planning education.Andrea I. Frank is Associate Professor in Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Birmingham, UK. Other than in the UK, she previously has held academic appointments in the USA, Germany, and Indonesia. Her areas of expertise include sustainability, public participation, creativity, planning pedagogy, and education for planning as well as international and comparative planning. With Christopher Silver, she is co-editor of Urban Planning Education: Beginnings, Global Movement and Future Prospects (2018) and Teaching Urban and Regional Planning (with A.R. Pires, 2021).Olivier Sykes is Associate Professor in European Spatial Planning and Discipline Lead for Planning at the University of Liverpool. His research and teaching address the fields of European spatial planning, international planning studies, and comparative urban policy and regeneration. He is co-author of International Planning Studies: An Introduction (2023) and co-editor of Planning in a Failing State: Reforming Spatial Governance in England (2024).

• Part I: Background to International Comparative Planning 1. Introduction 2. A History of International Comparison: Theory, Methods and Practice 3. What Is Published as International Comparative Planning Research in Academic Journals? Part II: Why Compare? The Aims and Objectives of International Comparison for Planning and Urban Policy 4. Modes of Inter-Urban Comparisons and Theory Building 5. Beyond (and Between) the Global City? Exploring a Framework to Strengthen Policy Mobility Between Differing Urban Scales 6. Knowledge Co-Production Through International Comparison: Transnational Territorial Knowledge Communities in Action 7. Spatial Planning Outcome Assessment in International Comparison 8. Limits on the International Mobility of Planning Ideas and Practices: Some Historical Lessons 9. Decoloniality of International Comparative Planning Research 10. Benchmarking Responses to Urban Shrinkage: Balancing Normative Dimensions in the Planning Concept of "Shrinking Smart" Part III: What to Compare? 11. Comparative Urban Planning Law: Theories, Methodologies, and Challenges 12. Planning Systems Compared – A Reflection on the State of Art 13. Comparing Planning Policy Instruments 14. Planning Culture 15. "Governance Approaches" to Study Planning Systems 16. Where Is Design in Planning Education? An International Comparison of Planning Programmes in England, Italy and Portugal Part IV: Comparative International Planning Research 17. How to Make Peace with Informality: Deconstructing The Black Box Of Spatial Informality In Land Use 18. The Right to the City: Worldwide Concept and a Brazilian Perspective 19. Rural Development Planning in Europe: The Challenges and Results of a Comparative Approach 20. Resilience and Risk Mitigation: Making the Case for Working Across Silos and Cross-Case Learning 21. Neighbourhood Models for Public Health: A Comparative Retrospective Over the Last Century 22. Comparative Studies in Cultural Heritage and Urban Conservation: Integration in the British and German Planning Systems 23. International Comparative Transport Planning Studies 24. Transit Oriented Development: Improving Urban Sustainability 25. Digitalisation, Urban Data and the 15-Minute City 26. Comparing the Adoption of Digital Data and Technologies in Planning 27. Urban Form and Urban Morphology: Professional and Academic Approaches 28. Comparative International Studies on Public Spaces: Benefits and Limitations Part V: Informing Global Agendas and Professional Practice Through Comparison 29. International Planning Guidelines and Diffusion to Local Planning 30. Liveability and Its Implications in Comparative Spatial Planning 31. International Comparison of Experiences and Knowledge Exchange in Metropolitan and Regional Networks: A View from Stuttgart Region (Germany) 32. International Collaborative Planning Through Private Consultancy Part VI: Education in and for Comparative International Planning 33. Teaching International Comparative Planning in a Globalised Higher Education Context: Pedagogical Imperative and Challenges 34. Developing Comparative Competencies: The International Planning Studio 35. Developing Comparative Study Competencies Through Lived Experiences: Semester Abroad 36. Global Planning Education and Online Pedagogy: An Inquiry into Implementation Part VII: Conclusions and Future Developments 37. International Comparative Planning: Key Findings and Future Agendas

Ela Babalık is Professor of City and Regional Planning, and a transport policy expert. Having been a member of the academic staff for over 25 years at the Department of City and Regional Planning in the Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey, she is teaching urban transport planning and transport policy as a part-time instructor at METU as well as carrying out training, policymaking projects, and consultancy work at the national and international level. Her areas of expertise include transport policy, sustainable mobility, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and planning education.Andrea I. Frank is Associate Professor in Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Birmingham, UK. Other than in the UK, she previously has held academic appointments in the USA, Germany, and Indonesia. Her areas of expertise include sustainability, public participation, creativity, planning pedagogy, and education for planning as well as international and comparative planning. With Christopher Silver, she is co-editor of Urban Planning Education: Beginnings, Global Movement and Future Prospects (2018) and Teaching Urban and Regional Planning (with A.R. Pires, 2021).Olivier Sykes is Associate Professor in European Spatial Planning and Discipline Lead for Planning at the University of Liverpool. His research and teaching address the fields of European spatial planning, international planning studies, and comparative urban policy and regeneration. He is co-author of International Planning Studies: An Introduction (2023) and co-editor of Planning in a Failing State: Reforming Spatial Governance in England (2024).

• Part I: Background to International Comparative Planning 1. Introduction 2. A History of International Comparison: Theory, Methods and Practice 3. What Is Published as International Comparative Planning Research in Academic Journals? Part II: Why Compare? The Aims and Objectives of International Comparison for Planning and Urban Policy 4. Modes of Inter-Urban Comparisons and Theory Building 5. Beyond (and Between) the Global City? Exploring a Framework to Strengthen Policy Mobility Between Differing Urban Scales 6. Knowledge Co-Production Through International Comparison: Transnational Territorial Knowledge Communities in Action 7. Spatial Planning Outcome Assessment in International Comparison 8. Limits on the International Mobility of Planning Ideas and Practices: Some Historical Lessons 9. Decoloniality of International Comparative Planning Research 10. Benchmarking Responses to Urban Shrinkage: Balancing Normative Dimensions in the Planning Concept of "Shrinking Smart" Part III: What to Compare? 11. Comparative Urban Planning Law: Theories, Methodologies, and Challenges 12. Planning Systems Compared – A Reflection on the State of Art 13. Comparing Planning Policy Instruments 14. Planning Culture 15. "Governance Approaches" to Study Planning Systems 16. Where Is Design in Planning Education? An International Comparison of Planning Programmes in England, Italy and Portugal Part IV: Comparative International Planning Research 17. How to Make Peace with Informality: Deconstructing The Black Box Of Spatial Informality In Land Use 18. The Right to the City: Worldwide Concept and a Brazilian Perspective 19. Rural Development Planning in Europe: The Challenges and Results of a Comparative Approach 20. Resilience and Risk Mitigation: Making the Case for Working Across Silos and Cross-Case Learning 21. Neighbourhood Models for Public Health: A Comparative Retrospective Over the Last Century 22. Comparative Studies in Cultural Heritage and Urban Conservation: Integration in the British and German Planning Systems 23. International Comparative Transport Planning Studies 24. Transit Oriented Development: Improving Urban Sustainability 25. Digitalisation, Urban Data and the 15-Minute City 26. Comparing the Adoption of Digital Data and Technologies in Planning 27. Urban Form and Urban Morphology: Professional and Academic Approaches 28. Comparative International Studies on Public Spaces: Benefits and Limitations Part V: Informing Global Agendas and Professional Practice Through Comparison 29. International Planning Guidelines and Diffusion to Local Planning 30. Liveability and Its Implications in Comparative Spatial Planning 31. International Comparison of Experiences and Knowledge Exchange in Metropolitan and Regional Networks: A View from Stuttgart Region (Germany) 32. International Collaborative Planning Through Private Consultancy Part VI: Education in and for Comparative International Planning 33. Teaching International Comparative Planning in a Globalised Higher Education Context: Pedagogical Imperative and Challenges 34. Developing Comparative Competencies: The International Planning Studio 35. Developing Comparative Study Competencies Through Lived Experiences: Semester Abroad 36. Global Planning Education and Online Pedagogy: An Inquiry into Implementation Part VII: Conclusions and Future Developments 37. International Comparative Planning: Key Findings and Future Agendas

Ela Babalık is Professor of City and Regional Planning, and a transport policy expert. Having been a member of the academic staff for over 25 years at the Department of City and Regional Planning in the Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey, she is teaching urban transport planning and transport policy as a part-time instructor at METU as well as carrying out training, policymaking projects, and consultancy work at the national and international level. Her areas of expertise include transport policy, sustainable mobility, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and planning education.Andrea I. Frank is Associate Professor in Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Birmingham, UK. Other than in the UK, she previously has held academic appointments in the USA, Germany, and Indonesia. Her areas of expertise include sustainability, public participation, creativity, planning pedagogy, and education for planning as well as international and comparative planning. With Christopher Silver, she is co-editor of Urban Planning Education: Beginnings, Global Movement and Future Prospects (2018) and Teaching Urban and Regional Planning (with A.R. Pires, 2021).Olivier Sykes is Associate Professor in European Spatial Planning and Discipline Lead for Planning at the University of Liverpool. His research and teaching address the fields of European spatial planning, international planning studies, and comparative urban policy and regeneration. He is co-author of International Planning Studies: An Introduction (2023) and co-editor of Planning in a Failing State: Reforming Spatial Governance in England (2024).

• Part I: Background to International Comparative Planning 1. Introduction 2. A History of International Comparison: Theory, Methods and Practice 3. What Is Published as International Comparative Planning Research in Academic Journals? Part II: Why Compare? The Aims and Objectives of International Comparison for Planning and Urban Policy 4. Modes of Inter-Urban Comparisons and Theory Building 5. Beyond (and Between) the Global City? Exploring a Framework to Strengthen Policy Mobility Between Differing Urban Scales 6. Knowledge Co-Production Through International Comparison: Transnational Territorial Knowledge Communities in Action 7. Spatial Planning Outcome Assessment in International Comparison 8. Limits on the International Mobility of Planning Ideas and Practices: Some Historical Lessons 9. Decoloniality of International Comparative Planning Research 10. Benchmarking Responses to Urban Shrinkage: Balancing Normative Dimensions in the Planning Concept of "Shrinking Smart" Part III: What to Compare? 11. Comparative Urban Planning Law: Theories, Methodologies, and Challenges 12. Planning Systems Compared – A Reflection on the State of Art 13. Comparing Planning Policy Instruments 14. Planning Culture 15. "Governance Approaches" to Study Planning Systems 16. Where Is Design in Planning Education? An International Comparison of Planning Programmes in England, Italy and Portugal Part IV: Comparative International Planning Research 17. How to Make Peace with Informality: Deconstructing The Black Box Of Spatial Informality In Land Use 18. The Right to the City: Worldwide Concept and a Brazilian Perspective 19. Rural Development Planning in Europe: The Challenges and Results of a Comparative Approach 20. Resilience and Risk Mitigation: Making the Case for Working Across Silos and Cross-Case Learning 21. Neighbourhood Models for Public Health: A Comparative Retrospective Over the Last Century 22. Comparative Studies in Cultural Heritage and Urban Conservation: Integration in the British and German Planning Systems 23. International Comparative Transport Planning Studies 24. Transit Oriented Development: Improving Urban Sustainability 25. Digitalisation, Urban Data and the 15-Minute City 26. Comparing the Adoption of Digital Data and Technologies in Planning 27. Urban Form and Urban Morphology: Professional and Academic Approaches 28. Comparative International Studies on Public Spaces: Benefits and Limitations Part V: Informing Global Agendas and Professional Practice Through Comparison 29. International Planning Guidelines and Diffusion to Local Planning 30. Liveability and Its Implications in Comparative Spatial Planning 31. International Comparison of Experiences and Knowledge Exchange in Metropolitan and Regional Networks: A View from Stuttgart Region (Germany) 32. International Collaborative Planning Through Private Consultancy Part VI: Education in and for Comparative International Planning 33. Teaching International Comparative Planning in a Globalised Higher Education Context: Pedagogical Imperative and Challenges 34. Developing Comparative Competencies: The International Planning Studio 35. Developing Comparative Study Competencies Through Lived Experiences: Semester Abroad 36. Global Planning Education and Online Pedagogy: An Inquiry into Implementation Part VII: Conclusions and Future Developments 37. International Comparative Planning: Key Findings and Future Agendas