Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry

Larry Davidson is Associate Professor of psychiatry at the Connecticut Mental Health Center at Yale. His patient-oriented research includes recovery from serious mental illness, the development of qualitative and participatory research methods, community-based treatment of psychosis, the development and evaluation of innovative psycho-social interventions, and the promotion of collaborative relationships between people with serious mental illness and their healthcare providers. He received the President's Award, United States Psychosocial Rehabilitation Association, New York Chapter, in 2007 and the Franco Basaglia Memorial Scholarship, Fondazione Basaglia, Rome, Italy, in 2008. Jaak Rakfeldt is Professor of Social Work at the Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven, CT, USA.John Strauss is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry the Department of Psychiatry at Yale University in New Haven, CT, USA.

• Foreword Acknowledgements1 Introduction1.1 What is the recovery movement in psychiatry?1.2 Rationale for the book1.3 From traitement moral to moral treatment1.4 Reciprocity in community-based care1.5 The everyday and interpersonal context of recovery1.6 Closing the hospital1.7 The rights and responsibilities of citizenship1.8 Agency as a basis for transformation1.9 Why these figures and not others?1.10 Conclusion2 FromTraitement Moral to Moral Treatment2.1 The birth of psychiatry as a medical speciality2.2 Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptise Pussin2.3 Traitement moral2.4 Pinel’s psychological interventions2.5 The Retreat at York2.6 Moral treatment or moral management?2.7 From treatment to education2.8 Re-shaping character2.9 The demise of moral treatment2.10 Summary of lessons learned3 Reciprocity in Community-based Care3.1 The advocacy of dorothea dix3.2 The legacy of dorothea dix3.3 Jane Addams’ community alternative3.4 A series of unfortunate, but influential, events3.5 The founding of the first american ‘settlement’3.6 Forty years at hull-house3.7 Distilling the active ingredients3.8 Interventions with individuals3.9 Interventions with collectives3.10 Applications to mental health3.11 Summary of lessons learned4 The Everyday and Interpersonal Context of Recovery4.1 The birth of psychiatry as a community-based practice4.2 Beyond the illness paradigm (by John Strauss, part 1)4.3 Growing up inside meyer’s ‘common sense’ psychiatry (by John Strauss, part 2)4.4 Subjectivity and the person (by John Strauss, part 3)4.5 Blending science and art in a human science (by John Strauss, part 4)4.6 From a psychiatry based in death to a psychiatry based in life4.7 Problems in everyday living and their resolution4.8 Opportunity and occupation4.9 The interpersonal context of recovery4.10 Summary of lessons learned5 Closing the Hospital5.1 The failure of the asylum5.2 Erving Goffman and the presentation of self5.3 The hospital as ‘total institution’5.4 Franco Basaglia and the Italian mental health reform movement5.5 De-institutionalization the Italian way5.6 Bracketing the illness5.7 ‘Freedom is therapeutic’5.8 Avoiding the re-creation of the asylum in the community5.9 Social inclusion5.10 Summary of lessons learned6 The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship6.1 Recovery as a civil rights movement6.2 The incomplete world of Martin Luther King, Jnr6.3 Can rights be given?6.4 Recovery delayed is recovery denied6.5 Colour blindness and capitalism6.6 The complete subject of Gilles Deleuze6.7 Oedipus and anti-oedipus6.8 Schizophrenic speech and Watergate6.9 Community inclusion vs community integration6.10 Summary of lessons learned7 Agency as the Basis for Transformation7.1 The need for a new conceptual framework7.2 Beyond de-institutionalization and community tenure7.3 Rights and recovery7.4 The capabilities approach of Amartya Sen7.5 Applying a capabilities approach to the work of transformation7.6 Human agency and mediation: the work of Lev Vygotsky7.7 Action theory, the zone of proximal development and scaffolding7.8 Applying activity analysis: the case of fossilized behaviour7.9 Applying activity analysis: using the zone of proximal development7.10 Summary of lessons learned8 ConclusionReferencesIndex

"Overall, this book would be useful for students and practitioners who are familiar with the literature on recovery." (Mental Health Practice, 1 November 2011) "This is an important contribution from international leads, which offers the reader interested in recovery an awareness of its substantial ethical and political foundations and the need to sustain a civil rights perspective." (British Journal of Psychiatry, 2011)"Just as Tuke and the late 18th century reformers were bold in their vision of moral treatment, we need to be bold about recovery. Davidson et al. provide some of the conceptual and political framework for that vision, and it is these aspects of their book that will help practitioners build recovery focused mental health services." (Metapsychology, February 2011)"This book should be required reading for any young professional entering the mental health field. Education in the history of the development of applied psychology will often give the reader a self-satisfied glow. We know so much more now than in the days of insulin shock therapy, hydrotherapy, and psychoanalysis. The Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry: Lessons Learned drives home the point that we can learn as much from the successes of our predecessors as we can from their mistakes". (American Psychological Association, 17 November 2010)"This book is a wonderful contribution to the literature attempting to untangle the web of what recovery truly means to individuals and how care can continue to evolve to meet the fundamental rights of human beings with serious mental illnesses." (Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, Summer 2010)"However the book is not limited to the study of psychiatry- it illustrates how psychiatry has been influenced by other disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, political theory, and civil rights. This is the major strength of this book." (British Journal of Wellbeing, September 2010)