Maxine Sheets-Johnstone is an independent scholar affiliated with the Department of Philosophy, University of Oregon. This volume is the third in a series of studies about “roots.” The previous volumes are The Roots of Thinking (1990) and The Roots of Power (1994).

• ContentsPrologue: Human Nature and Human Morality: The Challenge of Grounding “the Moral Sense”1.Introduction2.The Foundations Laid by Hume in His Moral Philosophy3.On the Origin of Sympathy and Selfishness: An Initial Determination4.Unevenly Valorized Binary Oppositions: A Question of Life and Death5.Hume’s Affective Polarity Revisited6.The Culture/Nature OppositionFrom the Perspective of Mythology and ReligionFrom the Perspective of Patriarchal SymbolismFrom the Perspective of Practices in Present-day Western ScienceFrom the Perspective of the Cultural Practice of War7.ConclusionNotesPart I1Size, Power, and Death: Constituents in the Making of Human MoralityI.IntroductionII.Size and PowerIII.Cultural Translations of Biological FactsIV.Cultural Transformations and Evolutionary EthicsV.Immortality IdeologiesVI.ImplicationsNotes2Death and Immortality Ideologies in Western PhilosophyI.IntroductionII.DescartesOn the Purpose of the Meditations as Specified in the SynopsisMind as Immaterial SubstanceMind and the Question of TimeIII.Heidegger and Immortality IdeologiesIV.Psychological Underpinnings of Immortality IdeologiesV.Derrida’s Immortality Reading of Husserl and Derrida’s Own Immortality IdeologyVI.The Double: A Further Sign of Derrida’s Immortality IdeologyVII.The Last Word and the Ultimate Mortal QuestionNotes3Real Male-Male CompetitionI.IntroductionII.On Natural and Sexual SelectionIII.Darwin’s Seminal Insights into Male-Male Competition and Their Total Neglect in Current ResearchIV.ExemplificationsV.Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.A Methodological Imperative and A Closing ApologueVII.An AfterwordNotes4On the Pan-cultural Origins of EvilI.IntroductionII.The Banality of EvilIII.Affective Elaborations of the Banality of EvilIV.Toward Pan-cultural Understandings of the Banality of EvilV.Beginning Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.Clarifications Along Motivational LinesVII.Killing, Death, Fear: Elementary Facts of Human LifeVIII.Warriors and the Heroic Honing of MalesIX.A Finer Analysis of MotivationX.Broader Socio-Political Understandings of the Heroic Honing of Males: A Return to Evolutionary ConsiderationsXI.Classic Studies: An Afterword on History and ScienceNotesPart II5EmpathyI.IntroductionII.Early Clues and Husserl’s Archival TextsIII.Affect Attunement and the Qualitative Nature of MovementIV.Emotions and MovementV.SpontaneityVI.The Kinetic Foundations of “Knowing Other Minds”VII.ResponsivityVIII.EmpathyIX.A Postscript on Origins, History, and MethodologyNotes6Child’s Play: A Multidisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Rough and Tumble PlayIII.Locomotor-Rotational PlayIV.Play and LaughterV.Morality and Child’s PlayNotes7On the Nature of TrustI.IntroductionII.Learning to Trust: Uncovering Affective and Existential RealitiesIII.A Critical Examination of Luhmann’s Thesis of a “Readiness to Trust”IV.Affective Experience, Human Freedom, and Uncertainty: Deepened Understandings of TrustNotes8The Rationality of Caring: Forging a Genuine Evolutionary EthicsI.IntroductionII.Transfers of Sense: The Ground of CaringIII.Comsigns: The Evolutionary Basis of Intercorporeal LifeIV.The Rationality of Caring: Laying the GroundworkV.The Living Import of the “Metaphysically Significant”: The Experience of InterconnectednessVI.The Living Import of the Metaphysically Significant: Interconnectedness, the Principle of Not Harming, and “Difference Removed”VII.A Closer Look at the First Moral Principle and the Challenge of Human ExistenceNotesEpilogue: Re-Naturing the De-Natured Species: An Interdisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Endangered SpeciesIII.Ontogeny and Natural SignsIV.Aggressive Complexities in the Socialization of FearV.Acquisitive Complexities in the Socialization of FearVI.On Psychological IgnoranceVII.A Moral EducationVIII.Concluding ThoughtNotesReferencesIndex

“This innovative and clearly written book is a significant contribution to the philosophy of the body, to ethics, and to phenomenology.”—Robert P. Crease, SUNY, Stony Brook

Maxine Sheets-Johnstone is an independent scholar affiliated with the Department of Philosophy, University of Oregon. This volume is the third in a series of studies about “roots.” The previous volumes are The Roots of Thinking (1990) and The Roots of Power (1994).

• ContentsPrologue: Human Nature and Human Morality: The Challenge of Grounding “the Moral Sense”1.Introduction2.The Foundations Laid by Hume in His Moral Philosophy3.On the Origin of Sympathy and Selfishness: An Initial Determination4.Unevenly Valorized Binary Oppositions: A Question of Life and Death5.Hume’s Affective Polarity Revisited6.The Culture/Nature OppositionFrom the Perspective of Mythology and ReligionFrom the Perspective of Patriarchal SymbolismFrom the Perspective of Practices in Present-day Western ScienceFrom the Perspective of the Cultural Practice of War7.ConclusionNotesPart I1Size, Power, and Death: Constituents in the Making of Human MoralityI.IntroductionII.Size and PowerIII.Cultural Translations of Biological FactsIV.Cultural Transformations and Evolutionary EthicsV.Immortality IdeologiesVI.ImplicationsNotes2Death and Immortality Ideologies in Western PhilosophyI.IntroductionII.DescartesOn the Purpose of the Meditations as Specified in the SynopsisMind as Immaterial SubstanceMind and the Question of TimeIII.Heidegger and Immortality IdeologiesIV.Psychological Underpinnings of Immortality IdeologiesV.Derrida’s Immortality Reading of Husserl and Derrida’s Own Immortality IdeologyVI.The Double: A Further Sign of Derrida’s Immortality IdeologyVII.The Last Word and the Ultimate Mortal QuestionNotes3Real Male-Male CompetitionI.IntroductionII.On Natural and Sexual SelectionIII.Darwin’s Seminal Insights into Male-Male Competition and Their Total Neglect in Current ResearchIV.ExemplificationsV.Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.A Methodological Imperative and A Closing ApologueVII.An AfterwordNotes4On the Pan-cultural Origins of EvilI.IntroductionII.The Banality of EvilIII.Affective Elaborations of the Banality of EvilIV.Toward Pan-cultural Understandings of the Banality of EvilV.Beginning Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.Clarifications Along Motivational LinesVII.Killing, Death, Fear: Elementary Facts of Human LifeVIII.Warriors and the Heroic Honing of MalesIX.A Finer Analysis of MotivationX.Broader Socio-Political Understandings of the Heroic Honing of Males: A Return to Evolutionary ConsiderationsXI.Classic Studies: An Afterword on History and ScienceNotesPart II5EmpathyI.IntroductionII.Early Clues and Husserl’s Archival TextsIII.Affect Attunement and the Qualitative Nature of MovementIV.Emotions and MovementV.SpontaneityVI.The Kinetic Foundations of “Knowing Other Minds”VII.ResponsivityVIII.EmpathyIX.A Postscript on Origins, History, and MethodologyNotes6Child’s Play: A Multidisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Rough and Tumble PlayIII.Locomotor-Rotational PlayIV.Play and LaughterV.Morality and Child’s PlayNotes7On the Nature of TrustI.IntroductionII.Learning to Trust: Uncovering Affective and Existential RealitiesIII.A Critical Examination of Luhmann’s Thesis of a “Readiness to Trust”IV.Affective Experience, Human Freedom, and Uncertainty: Deepened Understandings of TrustNotes8The Rationality of Caring: Forging a Genuine Evolutionary EthicsI.IntroductionII.Transfers of Sense: The Ground of CaringIII.Comsigns: The Evolutionary Basis of Intercorporeal LifeIV.The Rationality of Caring: Laying the GroundworkV.The Living Import of the “Metaphysically Significant”: The Experience of InterconnectednessVI.The Living Import of the Metaphysically Significant: Interconnectedness, the Principle of Not Harming, and “Difference Removed”VII.A Closer Look at the First Moral Principle and the Challenge of Human ExistenceNotesEpilogue: Re-Naturing the De-Natured Species: An Interdisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Endangered SpeciesIII.Ontogeny and Natural SignsIV.Aggressive Complexities in the Socialization of FearV.Acquisitive Complexities in the Socialization of FearVI.On Psychological IgnoranceVII.A Moral EducationVIII.Concluding ThoughtNotesReferencesIndex

“This innovative and clearly written book is a significant contribution to the philosophy of the body, to ethics, and to phenomenology.”—Robert P. Crease, SUNY, Stony Brook

Maxine Sheets-Johnstone is an independent scholar affiliated with the Department of Philosophy, University of Oregon. This volume is the third in a series of studies about “roots.” The previous volumes are The Roots of Thinking (1990) and The Roots of Power (1994).

• ContentsPrologue: Human Nature and Human Morality: The Challenge of Grounding “the Moral Sense”1.Introduction2.The Foundations Laid by Hume in His Moral Philosophy3.On the Origin of Sympathy and Selfishness: An Initial Determination4.Unevenly Valorized Binary Oppositions: A Question of Life and Death5.Hume’s Affective Polarity Revisited6.The Culture/Nature OppositionFrom the Perspective of Mythology and ReligionFrom the Perspective of Patriarchal SymbolismFrom the Perspective of Practices in Present-day Western ScienceFrom the Perspective of the Cultural Practice of War7.ConclusionNotesPart I1Size, Power, and Death: Constituents in the Making of Human MoralityI.IntroductionII.Size and PowerIII.Cultural Translations of Biological FactsIV.Cultural Transformations and Evolutionary EthicsV.Immortality IdeologiesVI.ImplicationsNotes2Death and Immortality Ideologies in Western PhilosophyI.IntroductionII.DescartesOn the Purpose of the Meditations as Specified in the SynopsisMind as Immaterial SubstanceMind and the Question of TimeIII.Heidegger and Immortality IdeologiesIV.Psychological Underpinnings of Immortality IdeologiesV.Derrida’s Immortality Reading of Husserl and Derrida’s Own Immortality IdeologyVI.The Double: A Further Sign of Derrida’s Immortality IdeologyVII.The Last Word and the Ultimate Mortal QuestionNotes3Real Male-Male CompetitionI.IntroductionII.On Natural and Sexual SelectionIII.Darwin’s Seminal Insights into Male-Male Competition and Their Total Neglect in Current ResearchIV.ExemplificationsV.Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.A Methodological Imperative and A Closing ApologueVII.An AfterwordNotes4On the Pan-cultural Origins of EvilI.IntroductionII.The Banality of EvilIII.Affective Elaborations of the Banality of EvilIV.Toward Pan-cultural Understandings of the Banality of EvilV.Beginning Evolutionary ConsiderationsVI.Clarifications Along Motivational LinesVII.Killing, Death, Fear: Elementary Facts of Human LifeVIII.Warriors and the Heroic Honing of MalesIX.A Finer Analysis of MotivationX.Broader Socio-Political Understandings of the Heroic Honing of Males: A Return to Evolutionary ConsiderationsXI.Classic Studies: An Afterword on History and ScienceNotesPart II5EmpathyI.IntroductionII.Early Clues and Husserl’s Archival TextsIII.Affect Attunement and the Qualitative Nature of MovementIV.Emotions and MovementV.SpontaneityVI.The Kinetic Foundations of “Knowing Other Minds”VII.ResponsivityVIII.EmpathyIX.A Postscript on Origins, History, and MethodologyNotes6Child’s Play: A Multidisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Rough and Tumble PlayIII.Locomotor-Rotational PlayIV.Play and LaughterV.Morality and Child’s PlayNotes7On the Nature of TrustI.IntroductionII.Learning to Trust: Uncovering Affective and Existential RealitiesIII.A Critical Examination of Luhmann’s Thesis of a “Readiness to Trust”IV.Affective Experience, Human Freedom, and Uncertainty: Deepened Understandings of TrustNotes8The Rationality of Caring: Forging a Genuine Evolutionary EthicsI.IntroductionII.Transfers of Sense: The Ground of CaringIII.Comsigns: The Evolutionary Basis of Intercorporeal LifeIV.The Rationality of Caring: Laying the GroundworkV.The Living Import of the “Metaphysically Significant”: The Experience of InterconnectednessVI.The Living Import of the Metaphysically Significant: Interconnectedness, the Principle of Not Harming, and “Difference Removed”VII.A Closer Look at the First Moral Principle and the Challenge of Human ExistenceNotesEpilogue: Re-Naturing the De-Natured Species: An Interdisciplinary PerspectiveI.IntroductionII.Endangered SpeciesIII.Ontogeny and Natural SignsIV.Aggressive Complexities in the Socialization of FearV.Acquisitive Complexities in the Socialization of FearVI.On Psychological IgnoranceVII.A Moral EducationVIII.Concluding ThoughtNotesReferencesIndex

“This innovative and clearly written book is a significant contribution to the philosophy of the body, to ethics, and to phenomenology.”—Robert P. Crease, SUNY, Stony Brook