Wojciech Chojna, Ph.D. (1992), Temple University, Professor, Pasco-Hernando State College, USA; published articles and translations on aesthetics and philosophy, including “Phenomenological Redescription of Violence” in Justice, Law and Violence (Temple University Press, 1991), “Philosophy and the Modern World” in the Kwartalnik Filozoficzny (2006, translation).

• Preface Introduction Ingarden’s Relevance Today 1 Introduction to the Concept of IdentitySome Traditional Approaches Ingarden’s General Ontology 2 Nature and Identity of a Literary Work in American AestheticsNelson Goodman’s Syntactical Identity Richard Wolheim’s Amendment Psychologism Semantic Accounts Joseph Margolis’s Culturally Emergent Objects 3 Phenomenological Concept of IdentityIdentity of a Perceptual Object The Concept of Intentionality The Concept of Constitution Ideality and Identity of the Objectivities of Understanding Husserl’s Theory of Meaning Ingarden’s Objections to Husserl’s Transcendental Idealism Hermeneutic Challenges against the Possibility of Transcendental Phenomenology 4 Literary Work as a Schematic StructureThe Notion of a ‘Purely Intentional Object’ Schematism Structure of a Literary Work of Art The Stratum of Linguistic Sound Formations The Stratum of Meanings Meanings of Sentences The Stratum of Presented Objects The Stratum of Schematized Aspects Objections to Ingarden’s Conception of the Four Strata of Literary Work The Order of Sequence of Parts Quasi-judgments 5 Aesthetic Experience and Life of a Literary Work of ArtAesthetic Experience Problems Pertaining to Aesthetic Experience Pre-aesthetic Cognition of a Literary Work of Art Cognition of an Aesthetic Object The Work and Its Concretizations ‘Life’ of a Literary Work of Art 6 Values of Literary Work of ArtArtistic and Aesthetic Values The Stratum of Sounds and Its Function in the Constitution of Aesthetic Qualities The Stratum of Meanings and Its Function in the Constitution of Aesthetic Qualities De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum Metaphysical Qualities Poetry as a Means of Cognition 7 The Identity of a Literary Work of ArtIdentity of Sounds Identity of Meanings Dialectics of Identity Subjectivism, Relativism and Identity Epilogue Bibliography Index