Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine

About the Author Jörg Rüpke is Fellow in Religious Studies at the Max Weber Centre of the University of Erfurt. His publications include Fasti sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499 (trans. David Richardson, 2008), Religion of the Romans (2007), A Companion to Roman Religion (2007), and Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome (co-edited with C. Ando, 2006). About the Translator David M. B. Richardson has previously translated Fasti sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499 (Jörg Rüpke, 2008), and contributed to the English translation of Brill's New Pauly Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World (2002 onwards).

• Preface viiMap 1 Distribution of preserved calendars (or calendar fragments) of the fasti type from the first century BCE to the fifth century CE viiiTable 1 List of known copies of fasti ix1 Time’s Social Dimension 12 Observations on the Roman fasti 62.1 A Republican Version 62.2 Forms and Functions 82.3 The fasti and the Birth of Augustan Epigraphy 142.4 The Question of the Archetype 213 Towards an Early History of the Roman Calendar 233.1 Notions of a Prehistoric Calendar 233.2 The Structure of the Month 243.3 Market Cycles 323.4 Modes of Dating 344 The Introduction of the Republican Calendar 384.1 Timing and Motivation 384.2 The Character and Significance of the Reform 415 The Written Calendar 445.1 Gnaeus Flavius 445.2 NP Days and Feast-names 505.3 Cultic and Linguistic Details 555.4 The Purpose of the fasti 585.5 The Law of Hortensius 595.6 Implications for the Historiography of Roman Religion 645.7 Variants on Stone and Paper 666 The Lex Acilia and the Problem of Pontifical Intercalation 686.1 The Nature of the Measures 686.2 The Ritually Correct Method of Intercalation 696.3 Problems of Intercalation 796.4 Regulating Intercalation by Means of Laws 837 Reinterpretation of the fasti in the Temple of the Muses 877.1 Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, Triumphator 877.2 Temple Dedications in the fasti 957.3 Ennius 1057.4 All fasti are Fulvian fasti 1088 From Republic to Empire 1098.1 Caesar’s Calendar Reform 1098.2 The Calendar as Collective Memory 1218.3 Augustus and the Power of Dates 1248.4 The Calendar as Roman Breviary 1349 The Disappearance of Marble Calendars 14010 Calendar Monopoly and Competition between Calendars 14610.1 One Calendar 14610.2 Coexisting and Competing Developments 15310.3 Eras 15610.4 The Calculation of Easter 15710.5 Weekly Cycles 16010.6 Fasti Christiani? 16911 The Calendar in the Public Realm 175Abbreviations 183References 185Sources Index 209General Index 215

“This book is a very welcome addition to the study of Roman time. R. has long stood in the top tier of scholars working on the Roman calendar. This book is destined to become an indispensable resource for scholars and students wishing to understand the origins and development of the Roman calendar as a mechanism for marking time, but more particularly as a social construct at the mercy of the political powers of the time.”  (Journal of Roman Studies, 1 August 2013)