Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy

Kenneth P. Kodama is Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Lehigh University, USA. He has taught Earth sciences and conducted paleomagnetic and rock magnetic research with his students at Lehigh for the past 36 years. In his time away from paleomagnetism he enjoys playing music. Linda A. Hinnov is a research Professor at Johns Hopkins University, USA  specializing in the astronomical forcing of Earth’s paleoclimate system. She has longstanding interests in cyclostratigraphy, and its implications for the evolution of Earth’s geophysical and astronomical parameters and the geologic time scale.

• 1 Introduction 11.1 Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy 11.2 Basic Steps of a Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy Study 41.3 The Significance of Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy 61.4 Layout of the Book 7References 82 Rock Magnetism 102.1 Introduction 102.2 Types of Magnetism 122.3 Ferromagnetic Minerals 162.4 Fine Particle Magnetism 202.4.1 Hysteresis 202.4.2 Magnetic Particle Anisotropy 242.4.3 Domain State 252.5 Environmental Magnetic Parameters 262.5.1 Individual Environmental Magnetic Parameters 262.5.2 Ratios of Environmental Magnetic Parameters 292.6 Identification of Magnetic Mineralogies and Choosing a Rock Magnetic Parameter for Cyclostratigraphy 31References 323 Magnetostratigraphy 353.1 Introduction 353.2 Measuring Magnetostratigraphy 373.2.1 Sampling Strategy 373.2.2 Sample Collection 373.2.3 Measurement and Demagnetization 383.2.4 Tests to Constrain the Age of Remanence 413.2.5 Plotting of Magnetostratigraphic Data and Determining a Reversal Stratigraphy 423.3 Tying to the GPTS 463.4 Providing the Best Time Resolution from Magnetostratigraphy 49References 494 Time Series Analysis for Cyclostratigraphy 524.1 Introduction 524.2 Geological Time Series 534.3 Time Series Analysis Tools and Eocene Arguis Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy 544.3.1 Sampling and Interpolation 544.3.2 Detrending, Smoothing, and “Prewhitening” 564.3.3 Filtering Basics 564.3.4 Digital Filters 584.3.5 Spectral Analysis 584.3.6 Hypothesis Testing and Noise Modeling 734.3.7 Time-Frequency Analysis 814.3.8 Coherency and Cross-Phase Analysis 83References 875 Milankovitch Forcing Theory 905.1 Introduction 905.2 Astronomical Parameters 905.3 Insolation 935.4 Astronomical Tuning and Timescales 935.4.1 The Initial Timescale 935.4.2 Traditional Astronomical Tuning 965.4.3 Objective Astronomical Tuning 97References 976 Case Studies of Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy 996.1 Introduction and Environmental Shredding 996.2 Stirone River Section, Northern Italy 1016.3 Arguis Formation, Spanish Pyrenees 1046.4 Cupido Formation Platform Carbonates, Northeastern Mexico 1076.5 Latemar Massif, Triassic Carbonates, Northern Italy 1116.6 Daye Formation, Triassic Carbonates, South China 1136.7 Mauch Chunk Formation: Mississippian Red Beds, Pottsville, Pennsylvania 1176.8 Rainstorm Member of the Neoproterozoic Johnnie Formation, Death Valley, California 1196.9 Encoding of Orbitally Forced Climate Signals 123References 1247 Doing Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy 1287.1 Study Design 1287.2 Field Sampling 1317.3 Laboratory Preparation 1327.4 Remanence Measurements 1347.5 Time Series Analysis: Summary of Procedures 1377.5.1 Preparation of the Data Series 1387.5.2 Spectral Estimation 1387.5.3 Significance of the Spectral Peaks 1397.5.4 Evolutionary Spectrogram 1407.5.5 Tuning and Filtering 1407.6 Identifying Astronomically Forced Climate Cycles 141References 143Appendix 145Glossary 157Index 161