River Science at the U.S. Geological Survey

Rivers provide about 60 percent of the nation's drinking water and irrigation water and 10 percent of the nation's electric power needs. The multiple and sometimes incompatible services demanded of rivers often lead to policy and management conflicts that require the integration of science-based information. This report advises the U.S. Geological Survey on how it can best address river science challenges by effectively using its resources and coordinating its activities with other agencies. The report identifies the highest priority river science issues for the USGS, including environmental flows and river restoration, sediment transport and geomorphology, and groundwater surface-water interactions. It also recommends two cross-cutting science activities including surveying and mapping the nation's river systems according to key physical and landscape features, and expanding work on predictive models, especially those that simulate interactions between physical-biological processes. The report identifies key variables to be monitored and data-managed. It proposes enhancements in streamflow, biological, and sediment monitoring; these include establishing multidisciplinary, integrated reach-scale monitoring sites and developing a comprehensive national sediment monitoring program. Finally, it encourages the USGS to be at the forefront of new technology application, including airborne lidar and embedded, networked, wireless sensors. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 A Rationale for River Science 2 Major River Science Drivers and Challenges 3 Overview of Federal, State, Non-Governmental, and USGS Activities in River Science 4 Priority Areas for USGS River Science 5 Monitoring and Data Management for USGS River Science 6 Coordinating River Science Activities at the USGS 7 Recommendations References Appendix A - Valuing River Ecosystem Services Appendix B - Key River Science Questions and the Data Required to Answer Them Appendix C - Biographical Sketches for Committee on River Science at the U.S. Geological Survey