Susanne MacGregor is Emeritus Professor at Middlesex University London and Honorary Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.Betsy Thom is Professor of Health Policy and Co-Director of the Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at Middlesex University, UK.

• 1. Introduction: risk and substance use 2. Substance use, dangerous classes and spaces: a historical perspective 3. Methamphetamine users and the process of condemnation in Japan: framing and influence 4. Dangerous drugs, dangerous women: declassé women, drugs and sapphic sexuality in 1930s London 5. Drinking in preganancy: shifting towards the 'precautionary principle' 6. Creating safe spaces in dangerous places: 'Chicks Day' for women who inject drugs in Budapest, Hungary 7. Risk factors and dangerous classes in a European context: the consequences of ethnic framing of and among Turkish drug users in Ghent, Belgium 8. The contemporary complexities of Irish Traveller navigation of drug risk environments 9. Drink, drugs and the 'dangerous poor': fear and loathing in contemporary cities 10. Framing and reframing drug 'problems' in prison spaces and populations 11. Deviant and dangerous: queer adults, smoker-related stigma and tobacco de-normalisation 12. Coming out of the closet: risk management strategies of illegal cannabis growers 13. Framing substance use problems: influence on key concepts, methods of research and policy orientation 14. Conclusion: risk, danger and policies towards psychoactive substances

Susanne MacGregor is Emeritus Professor at Middlesex University London and Honorary Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.Betsy Thom is Professor of Health Policy and Co-Director of the Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at Middlesex University, UK.

• 1. Introduction: risk and substance use 2. Substance use, dangerous classes and spaces: a historical perspective 3. Methamphetamine users and the process of condemnation in Japan: framing and influence 4. Dangerous drugs, dangerous women: declassé women, drugs and sapphic sexuality in 1930s London 5. Drinking in preganancy: shifting towards the 'precautionary principle' 6. Creating safe spaces in dangerous places: 'Chicks Day' for women who inject drugs in Budapest, Hungary 7. Risk factors and dangerous classes in a European context: the consequences of ethnic framing of and among Turkish drug users in Ghent, Belgium 8. The contemporary complexities of Irish Traveller navigation of drug risk environments 9. Drink, drugs and the 'dangerous poor': fear and loathing in contemporary cities 10. Framing and reframing drug 'problems' in prison spaces and populations 11. Deviant and dangerous: queer adults, smoker-related stigma and tobacco de-normalisation 12. Coming out of the closet: risk management strategies of illegal cannabis growers 13. Framing substance use problems: influence on key concepts, methods of research and policy orientation 14. Conclusion: risk, danger and policies towards psychoactive substances

Susanne MacGregor is Emeritus Professor at Middlesex University London and Honorary Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.Betsy Thom is Professor of Health Policy and Co-Director of the Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at Middlesex University, UK.

• 1. Introduction: risk and substance use 2. Substance use, dangerous classes and spaces: a historical perspective 3. Methamphetamine users and the process of condemnation in Japan: framing and influence 4. Dangerous drugs, dangerous women: declassé women, drugs and sapphic sexuality in 1930s London 5. Drinking in preganancy: shifting towards the 'precautionary principle' 6. Creating safe spaces in dangerous places: 'Chicks Day' for women who inject drugs in Budapest, Hungary 7. Risk factors and dangerous classes in a European context: the consequences of ethnic framing of and among Turkish drug users in Ghent, Belgium 8. The contemporary complexities of Irish Traveller navigation of drug risk environments 9. Drink, drugs and the 'dangerous poor': fear and loathing in contemporary cities 10. Framing and reframing drug 'problems' in prison spaces and populations 11. Deviant and dangerous: queer adults, smoker-related stigma and tobacco de-normalisation 12. Coming out of the closet: risk management strategies of illegal cannabis growers 13. Framing substance use problems: influence on key concepts, methods of research and policy orientation 14. Conclusion: risk, danger and policies towards psychoactive substances