WYNFORD BELLIN is a Senior Lecturer, Cardiff School of Social Science, UK CHIARA BENATI teaches Germanic Philology, German and Scandinavian Language History at the University of Genoa, Italy SARA BREZIGAR is a Researcher at the Institute for Ethnic Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia DOUGLAS CHALMERS is an Economics Lecturer in the Cultural Business Division, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK DANIEL CUNLIFFE is a Senior Lecturer in Multimedia Computing and leads the Computing and Minority Languages Research Group within the Faculty of Advanced Technology at the University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK GIOVANNI DEPAU is at the 'Centre de Dialectologie', University of Grenoble, France ANDREW DEERE is a Researcher in the Computing and Minority Languages Research Group within the Faculty of Advanced Technology at the University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK FERNAND DE VARENNES is a former Director of the Asia-Pacific Centre for Human Rights and the Prevention of Ethnic Conflict and the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law. He is Senior (Non-Resident) Research Associate at the European Centre for Minority Issues in Flensburg, Germany MARTIN EHALA is Professor of General and Applied Linguistics, Tallinn University, Estonia ANNA GHIMENTON is a doctorate student and a member of the LIDILEM Centre, Grenoble University, France CATRIN FFLUR HUWS is a Lecturer, Department of Law and Criminology, Aberystwyth University, UK WILSON MCLEOD is a Senior Lecturer in Celtic, University of Edinburgh, UK MARCO STOLFO works as manager of the Office for Linguistic Identities and Emigration, Regional Government of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy TOMASZ WICHERKIEWICZ is Adjunct Professor and Head of the Department of Language Policy& Minority Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland COLIN H. WILLIAMS is a Research Professor in the School of Welsh, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK BIRGER WINSA is a member of the Department of Baltic, German and Finnish at Stockholm University, Sweden

• Series Editor's Preface Notes on Contributors Introduction: European Union Enlargement and Citizen Empowerment; C.H.Williams PART I: MINORITY LANGUAGES IN THE LEGAL CONTEXT Language Rights Standards in Europe: The Impact of the Council of Europe's Human Rights and Treaty Obligations; F.De Varennes Unity in Diversity. The Role of the European Parliament in Promoting Minority Languages in Europe; M.Stolfo A New Multilingual United Kingdom? The Impact of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; W.McLeod Does Legislation Change Perception and Behaviour? Attitudes and Perceptions of the Welsh Language in Legal Proceedings; C.F.Huws Bilingual Websites in Jurisdictions Requiring Minority Language Use: Effective Implementation of Policies and Guidelines; A.Deere & D.Cunliffe PART II: LANGUAGE VITALITY AND PROMOTION: THEORETICAL ASPECTS Governance Without Conviction; C.H.Williams An Evaluation Matrix for Ethno-Linguistic Vitality; M.Ehala PART III: LANGUAGE VITALITY AND PROMOTION: CASE STUDIES The Promotion of Arts and Culture as a Tool of Economic Regeneration: An Opportunity or a Threat to Minority Language Development? The Case of Gaelic in Scotland; D.Chalmers Cultural Development in Minority Regions: The Influence of Language Policies on Social Capital in Multilingual Regions; B.Winsa Welcome and Unwelcome Minority Languages; T.Wicherkiewicz Faroese: a National Language under Siege?; C.Benati Reconsidering The Role of Older Speakers in Language Planning; W.Bellin The Slovene Language in Italy: Paths to a Value-Added Position; S.Brezigar Internet and Minority Languages: a Study on Sardinian; G.Depau & A.Ghimenton CONCLUSION: Identity and Democracy in an Enlarged Europe; C.H.Williams Bibliography Index