Right in the Americas

Julián Castro-Rea is Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Alberta, Canada. Esther Solano is Professor of International Relations at Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

• Introduction: The Right in the Americas Part I: The Americas as Right-Wing Transnational Space 1. United States: The Mecca of Conservatism in the Americas and its International Projection Part II: Genesis and Development of Right-Wing Actors 2. Argentina: Democracy, Authoritarianism and the Pursuit of Order 3. Canada: The Evolution, Transformation, and Diversity of Conservatism 4. Colombia: Matrices, Tensions and Contexts for Explaining the Origin and Change of Right-Wing Politics 5. Honduras: The Problem of the Origin of Political Ideas on the Right 6. Mexico: The Right, from Opposition to Power and Back 7. Uruguay: The Political Right and Some Landmark Moments in History, from the Foundational Anti-Jacobinism to the Reemergence of the Militaristic Far-Right Part III: Contemporary Expressions of the Right 8. Brazil: The New Right and the Rise of Jair Bolsonaro 9. Chile: Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy on the Right 10. Venezuela: Democracy as Market, or How the Right-Wing Opposition Confused the Two in its Quest for Power Part IV: Conclusions The Right in the Americas: Concluding Remarks

'Academic research on the far right has traditionally focused on such movements in Western Europe and North America. This volume shifts the focus to cover the entire American continent, addressing differences, similarities and connections. Of particular interest is the role of US governments and conservative movements to promote and support far right and authoritarian regimes and movements in Latin America. This is an important contribution.'Tore Bjørgo, Director, Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo, Norway‘This volume could not be more timely. The resilience of an extreme nationalist right throughout the Western Hemisphere is an abiding fact of the twenty-first century. It manifests itself in terms of political economy, in the "culture wars" (these days look at the transnational attacks on "woke" gender-based thinking) and in electoral politics. This right’s resilience derives from two sources—the self interest to preserve its privileges among wealthy classes, and from a sense of being "left behind" or "replaced" on the part of a cultural and economic "precariat". But it also depends on a right-wing infrastructure that well predates contemporary controversies. Illuminating these enduring sources of the political right is the great virtue of this collection. The ten country-by-country studies in The Right in the Americas tie today’s extreme right ascendency to its predecessors and their continuing and often shape-shifting role, and to the uninterrupted influence of US hegemonic power. For readers, for political thinkers and for political actors, the book is a caution against facile convictions of the right’s vulnerabilities and about the limitations of short-term political thinking and strategies.’Lawrence Rosenthal, Chair, Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies, USA‘The ascent of the new right, in particular in its extreme variants, has raised red flags around the world, especially in our Hemisphere. It results from the crisis affecting democracy, particularly at its traditional sources, which has been unable to catch up with new demands and has lost space vis-à-vis these emergent forms. This is why this book is important, the authors in their respective fields explore the roots and the new processes explaining the right's ascent in national case studies that cover significant geographical areas, presenting their similarities and substantial differences. The authors transcend the frontiers of politics and address economic, social and cultural issues, offering analyses from diverse perspectives that this volume manages to reconcile. One of its merits rests in the authors' ability to challenge old understandings, reworking arguments that address the complexity of contemporary crises, as well as having perceived the inroads that new technologies are opening in the ideological dispute; allowing political actors to even capture discursive and organizational tools from their adversaries.’Hernán Ramírez, Research Professor, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Brazil‘In line with the wave of conservative groups, neoliberal sectors, and anti-communist and neo-fascist organizations that have nurtured the right-wing and the European New Right during the current century in the Americas, we have also noted a strong activism from various social and political actors, and the strengthening of governments that reinforce the worldview and the values that define this sector of the international political geometry. In that landscape, this text represents an excellent and important collective effort of academics from various countries of the Americas that present the particularities of varying right-wing lineages and discover the elements that unify them, especially, throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Altogether, these works reveal a broad right-wing geopolitical strategy, a process in which the United States keeps playing a central role, as the source from which key ideas emerge and networks with a decisive influence are strengthened along the continent. The book is an obligatory reference for those who wish to understand the development of a broad front of actors that compete with the left for the economic, political and social powers in the Americas. In the contest for hegemony in the continent, the right persists on showing its capability for reorganizing and for exercising the government, and for that, they utilize old narratives and mechanisms of political articulation, but they also succeed in incorporating unprecedented discursive and programmatic repertoires, that prove appealing to large social sectors.’Tania Hernández, Director, Permanent Seminar on the Right in Mexico, National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), Mexico