Revolving Gridlock

David W Brady

• The Origins of Revolving Gridlock Theoretical Foundations * Preferences and Institutions * Uncertainty * Elections and Exogenous Shocks * The Role of the President * Coping with Gridlock and Overcoming Gridlock * Opposing Theories Revolving Gridlock and Budgetary Politics * Taxing and Spending in Historical Context * Overview of Budget Politics * Off-Budget Policymaking * Budgets, Revolving Gridlock, and the Future Republican Presidents and Democratic Congresses * Arrival of the 97th Congress * Turning Election Results into Policy Outcomes * Adjustments and Solidification of Policy * The Gridlock of George H. Bush * The 1990 Budget Crisis * Explanations of Policy Outcomes * Studies of Divided Government Clinton and the Rise of the Republicans * Legislators Preferences Entering Unified Gridlock * Policies Needing a Simple Majority for Passage * Old Legislation Vetoed by Republican Presidents * New Legislation Requiring Supermajorities * Aggregate Analysis * The Rise of the Republican Congress * The Republican Agenda * The 1995-1996 Budget Battle * Clintons Second Term * Evaluating President Clinton George W. Bush and the Continuation of Gridlock * The 2000 Elections * Plans for the Presidency * Tax Policy * Non-Budgetary Domestic Policy * Summary of Domestic Affairs * Foreign Affairs * The 109th Congress and the Bush Agenda Conclusion * Little Stories that Make Up the Big Picture * Gridlock Continues