Return to Manure

Return to Manure is Raymond Federman's thirteenth novel, a surfictional collage of remembrance and expectation. Through an interplay of conversations between the narrator (Federman), his wife, and an unnamed listener, readers become privy to the twisting of the author's - or is it merely a character's? - experiences. After hiding in a closet as a teenager in 1942 to escape the Nazis, Federman finds his way to the Free Zone, in Vichy, France. Unwanted by his relatives, he is forced to spend the remainder of the war as an unpaid provincial laborer. On the farm, he confronts life at its most raw, witnesses suffering and death, sex and reproduction, and shovels lots of manure. Sixty years later in the United States, Federman wrestles with both nostalgia and bitterness. All this makes me wonder if perhaps the farm hadn't become my real home, the place where I was born, well reborn after my childhood was tragically interrupted, and if now as I grow older I am yearning to be back there. To do what? Shovel manure? Sleep in the barn with the cows? Re-suffer what I suffered? The aging narrator finally returns to France with his wife to find the farm where he slaved as a youth, but he no longer knows why he has come or what to expect. Federman, with anger-tinged humor, explores and celebrates the fragility of human memory. Through simultaneous revelation of past and present, he manipulates common conceptions of time, folding narrative back upon itself in an endless attempt to recover a past that was always half-fiction. With ""Return to Manure"", Federman reinvents the novel once again, seducing us with dreams we know better than to believe but can never seem to doubt.