Rethinking Networks in Times of Transition

Laure Dobigny is Associate Professor in socio-anthropology of technology at the ETHICS Laboratory (ETH+ research team) at the Universite Catholique de Lille, France.Benoît Robyns is Deputy Director of Research at JUNIA (Lille), Vice-President for Energy and Societal Transition at Universite Catholique de Lille, and a member of the Power Systems Team at L2EP, France.

• Introduction xviiLaure DOBIGNY, Sadia BENAMROUZ-VANNESTE and Benoît ROBYNSPart 1 Ecological Networks 1Chapter 1 Climate Crisis, Invasive Species and Biodiversity Collapse: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for Macrophytes 3Rossano BOLPAGNI1.1 Introduction 31.2 The world of macrophytes 41.3 Macrophytes as engineering species 71.4 Macrophytes, the climate crisis and biological invasions 91.5 Macrophytes as nature-based solutions 121.6 Conclusions 141.7 References 15Chapter 2 Reconciling Productivity, Maintaining Biodiversity and Human Well-being: How Will Tomorrow’s Agriculture Solve this Equation? 19Florian KLETTY2.1 Introduction 192.2 Alternative agricultural practices and models 202.2.1 Agricultural practices 202.2.2 Agricultural models 222.3 Benefits of alternative practices and models 242.3.1 Biodiversity 242.3.2 Global environment 252.3.3 Farmers 252.3.4 Whole society 272.4 Limits, hinders and levers for transition 272.4.1 Time and uncertainty 272.4.2 Financial cost and subsidies 282.4.3 Complexity of ecological systems and knowledge 292.4.4 Customer support 292.4.5 Law and politics 302.5 Conclusion 302.6 Acknowledgments 312.7 References 31Chapter 3 Conifers Reforestations: An Environmental Problem or a Possible Resource? 37Kevin CIANFAGLIONE, Alessandro BOTTACCI, Silvano LANDI, Bartolomeo SCHIRONE, Franco PEDROTTI and Marcello DI BONITO3.1 Introduction, aims and scopes 373.2 Critical appraisal of the present context 373.2.1 Analysis of the most commonly held beliefs 373.3 Discussion 403.3.1 How accurate are these claims? 403.3.2 Between the necessity of undertaking reforestations and the will to eliminate them lies a profound contradiction 403.3.3 Native or non-native, is that really the question? 433.3.4 Re-evaluating soil changes under conifer reforestation 513.3.5 Susceptibility to fires, climate change and pathogens 533.3.6 Renewal and biodiversity issues in conifer reforestation 563.3.7 Criticisms on the aesthetics of reforestation projects 603.3.8 From one extreme to another; considerations on the weak and strong points, between past and present 623.3.9 Research needs 663.4 Final considerations 673.5 Conclusions and outlook 713.6 Acknowledgments 733.7 References 73Chapter 4 Urban Interstices: Small Spaces with Big Issues 87Agathe DOUCHET and Sadia BENAMROUZ-VANNESTE4.1 Introduction 874.2 Materials and methods 884.2.1 Site mapping, selection and context 884.2.2 Strategy and management methods for green urban interstices 894.2.3 Study of perceptions and uses of selected urban interstices 904.2.4 Temporal study of perception, uses and knowledge of biodiversity in selected urban interstices 914.3 Results 914.3.1 Site mapping, selection and contextualization 914.3.2 Strategy and management methods for urban interstices and nature in the city 924.3.3 User profiles, uses and perceptions of selected urban interstices 934.3.4 Temporal evolution of perception, uses and level of knowledge of biodiversity 954.4 Discussion 964.4.1 Social acceptability of changes in management and upkeeping practices of urban interstices 964.4.2 Interconnections between site utilization, perception, attractiveness and management practices 974.4.3 Impact of the site’s visits 984.5 Conclusion 994.6 References 100Chapter 5. From a Climate-Centered Vision to a Vivo-Centered Vision: A Paradigm Shift for a Genuine Socio-Ecological Transition? 103Alice FOUILLOUZE5.1 Introduction 1035.2 A meta-crisis reduced to a molecule, CO 2 1045.3 Toward an inevitable energy and material descent 1065.4 Weak sustainability versus strong sustainability: two ways of conceiving sustainability 1075.4.1 We maintain the current trajectory (“business as usual” approach) 1085.4.2 We anticipate and prepare for this upcoming energy and material descent 1085.5 The vivo-centered transition model 1095.5.1 The principles of the vivo-centered transition 1115.5.2 The vivo-centered transition, a model rooted in strong sustainability 1135.5.3 The vivo-centered transition for a desirable ecology 1145.6 Application of the vivo-centered transition: the case of the university ecosystem 1155.6.1 A driving and committed governance 1155.6.2 A resilient and regenerative campus 1165.6.3 Conscious and engaged students, equipped to face the complex challenges of our time with compassion, integrity and competence 1175.6.4 An ethical and sustainable research service for socio-ecological challenges 1185.6.5 Employees and students at the heart of transition projects 1185.6.6 The vivo-centered transition: a strategic asset for universities 1195.7 Conclusion 1195.8 Acknowledgments 1205.9 References 120Part 2 Energy Networks 125Chapter 6 Electricity Transmission Networks, the Keystone of Neo-electrification at the Crossroads of Multiple Issues: Nuclear Power Generation and Conflictualization of European and French Energy Policies 127Lucas LOPEZ6.1 Introduction 1276.2 From the first electrification to a neo-electrification 1296.3 Neo-electrification, a potential source of conflict and opposition 1326.4 Conclusion 136Chapter 7 Is it Relevant to Question the Size of Power Grids? 139Jonathan COIGNARD7.1 Introduction 1397.2 Relevance of size outside power systems 1407.3 Measuring the size of the power system 1437.4 Nonlinearities between grid size and payoffs 1467.5 Conclusion 1477.6 References 148Chapter 8 The Characteristics and Role of Users’ Network in the Appropriation of Complex Self-built Technology: Case-study of Locally Manufactured Wind Turbines in France 151Baptiste BEGUINET8.1 Introduction 1518.2 A typology of French pilots 1548.3 Technical appropriation 1568.4 Conclusion 1588.5 Acknowledgments 1608.6 References 160Chapter 9 Scripting Flexibility in Collective Self-Consumption: Local Limits, Users and Governance 163Jessica ZAPHIROPOULO9.1 Collective self-consumption and the challenge of flexibility 1639.2 From typology to fieldwork: introducing the case studies 1659.3 Theoretical ground: multi-level scripted flexibility 1679.4 From regulation to practice: scripting flexibility in two CSC projects 1689.4.1 Supply-side flexibility: technology and production design 1689.4.2 Demand-side flexibility: community composition and engagement 1719.4.3 Script evolution: the role of demand-side in project development 1729.5 Flexibility beyond individual adaptation 1749.6 Conclusion 1769.7 References 177Chapter 10 Collaborative Energy Management: A Novel Methodology to Reduce Both Energy Price and Environmental Impact of an Energy Community 179Adrien BOSSU, Benoit DURILLON and Christophe SAUDEMONT10.1 Introduction 17910.2 Context 18010.2.1 Evolution of the electrical grid 18010.2.2 Objective 18110.3 Methodology 18110.3.1 Study case 18110.3.2 Approach 18210.3.3 First step: individual optimization 18310.3.4 Second step: collective optimization 18310.3.5 Assessing environmental impacts 18410.3.6 Gain distribution 18510.4 Simulation and results 18610.4.1 Scenarios 18610.4.2 Energy consumption results 18610.4.3 Gain distribution results: focus on Scenario 1 18710.5 Conclusion 19010.6 References 190Chapter 11 Dynamic Energy Allocation in a Local Community Integrating User Preferences 193Amira DHORBANI, Dhaker ABBES, Kahina HASSAM and Benoît ROBYNS11.1 Introduction 19311.2 System description and problem formulation 19611.2.1 Utility functions and constraints 19711.2.2 Global constraints 20111.3 Methodology 20111.3.1 Rule-based rule description 20211.4 Simulations and results 20311.4.1 Physical parameters of different users 20411.4.2 Results 20611.5 Conclusion 21311.6 Acknowledgments 21411.7 References 214Chapter 12 Awareness and Perception of Collective Self-Consumption in the University Community 217Hanene BETTAIEB, Adrien BOSSU, Benoit DURILLON, Arnaud DAVIGNY, Christophe SAUDEMONT and Hervé BARRY12.1 Introduction 21712.2 Literature review 21812.3 Methodology: field data collection method 22012.4 Results and interpretations 22212.4.1 Descriptive statistics 22212.5 Conclusion 22412.6 Acknowledgments 22512.7 References 225Part 3 Social and Controversy Networks 227Chapter 13 Fracking in the UK: Dependent Stakeholders and Relational Legitimacy 229Matthew O’Meara WALLIS13.1 The social license to operate of fracking in the UK 22913.2 Defining the local community stakeholder 23013.3 Institutional legitimacy 23113.4 Relational legitimacy 23213.5 Degraded stakeholder relationships and relational legitimacy 23213.6 The SLO in stakeholder relationships 23513.7 Conclusions from findings: trust and justice in stakeholder relationships 23713.8 Discussion 23913.9 References 241Chapter 14 Articulação: The Ecological Networking of the Brazilian Agroecological Movement 245Sébastien CARCELLE and Mariana BENITEZ14.1 Introduction 24514.2 From ecological networks 24614.2.1 Agroecosystems as complex networks 24614.2.2 The coffee network 24714.2.3 A way of thinking about the world 24914.3 To agroecological articulations 24914.3.1 A movement of movements 24914.3.2 Articulation versus network 25114.4 Conclusion: the ecological art of networking 25214.5 Acknowledgements 25314.6 References 253Chapter 15 Toward an Ecology of Architectural Experimentation Beyond Environmental Regulatory Standards 257Hector DOCARRAGAL MONTERO15.1 Introduction 25715.2 Genealogy of the regulations framework for architecture: between overabundance and transgression of environmental standards 25915.3 Multicriteria analysis of experimental practices in architecture using CAST ethnographic method 26215.4 From multicriteria analysis to comparative synthesis 26715.5 Toward an ecology of “out-of-standard” experimentation in architecture? 27215.6 References 273Chapter 16 The Role of Social Media in the Climate Crisis: A Discourse Study of Environmental Conversations in France (2017–2022) 275Albin WAGENER16.1 Climate change in France 27516.2 Discourse analysis: a corpus study 27616.2.1 Discourse and corpus linguistics 27616.2.2 Corpus extraction 27816.3 Results 27816.3.1 Semantic network 27816.3.2 Narrative classes 28016.3.3 Narrative interactions 28116.3.4 Corpus variables 28216.4 Discussion 28316.4.1 Main conclusions 28316.4.2 Perspectives 28516.5 References 286Chapter 17 Transitioning to Sustainability: An Emotional Odyssey 289Cristina LONGO and Ishan JALAN17.1 Introduction 28917.2 The challenges of embracing the consumer-citizen role: a cognitive and rational decision-making perspective 28917.3 Investigating the emotional dimensions of sustainable consumption 29117.3.1 Negative emotions 29217.3.2 Positive emotions 29317.4 Unpacking the emotional complexity of sustainable consumption and fostering deeper sustainable practices: next steps 29517.5 Concluding thoughts 29717.6 References 298Part 4 Networks of Universities in Transition 301Chapter 18 Schools in Synergy for Sustainability: Experiences and Insights from Networks of Universities in Socioecological Transitions 303Emmanuel D. DELOCADO, Philip Arnold P. TUAÑO andMa. Margarita Christina A. LACDAO-UMALI18.1 Sustainability and universities 30318.2 Institutionalization of sustainability in Philippine HEIs 30418.2.1 Policy framework and institutionalization 30518.2.2 Institutional initiatives 30618.3 Case studies on networks of universities 30718.3.1 Sustainable Development Solutions Network Philippines 30718.3.2 ASEAN University Network on Ecological Education and Culture 30918.3.3 Promotion of Sustainability in Postgraduate Education and Research (ProSPER.Net) 31018.3.4 Philippine Human Development Network 31118.3.5 Philippine Society for Public Administration 31218.4 Challenges in networks of universities 31318.4.1 Finding commonalities and synergies 31318.4.2 Transitioning within universities 31418.4.3 Sustaining the work of networks 31418.4.4 Maintaining the relevance of networks 31518.4.5 Finding and generating resources 31618.5 Best practices in advancing networks 31618.5.1 Mapping of strengths 31618.5.2 Collaboration in special working groups 31718.5.3 Network crossovers 31718.5.4 Partnerships beyond university network members 31718.6 Concluding remarks 31818.7 Acknowledgments 31818.8 References 319Chapter 19 Better Together? Exploring What Can Be Achieved through Real-world Examples of Innovative Knowledge Exchange Partnerships between SMEs and Universities 321Richard BULL, Ana Rita DOMINGUES, Muhammad MAZHAR and Gamze YAKAR-PRITCHARD19.1 Introduction 32119.2 Research themes: KE, sustainability and partnerships 32219.3 Research method and context 32419.4 Findings and discussion 32519.4.1 SiE project 32519.4.2 Insights and impacts 32619.4.3 Physical actions 32619.4.4 Awareness, engagement and strategy 32719.4.5 Knowledge and capability 32819.4.6 Monitoring resource use 32819.4.7 Addressing barriers to decarbonization 32919.5 Case studies 33019.5.1 Case study 1: Murphy & Son Ltd 33019.5.2 Case Study 2: Alpkit 33019.6 Conclusions and recommendations 33119.7 References 332Chapter 20 Research for Energetic and Societal Transition: Experience of the Live TREE Program 335Benoît ROBYNS20.1 Introduction 33520.2 University: the ideal place for research and implementation of energy and societal transition 33620.2.1 Introduction 33620.2.2 University convention for the climate 33720.3 Demonstrators 33820.4 Interdisciplinary research 34120.4.1 Necessary interdisciplinary research 34120.4.2 Example of research projects 34120.4.3 Should we continue scientific research? 34220.4.4 Societal impact of the research 34320.4.5 From high-tech to low-tech… 34420.5 Conclusion 34520.6 Acknowledgments 34520.7 References 346Chapter 21 Socioecological Analysis of the Impact of the University Climate Agreement: What Prospects for Transition of the Catholic University of Lille 347Kokou Kouzouahin SOMABE and Hervé BARRY21.1 Socioecological Analysis of the Impact of the University Climate Convention: What Transition Perspectives for the Université Catholique de Lille (UCL)? 34721.2 Presentation of the UCC 34821.2.1 A tactical step toward the university’s transition 34821.2.2 A process of discussion and learning 34821.2.3 A process for developing actions 35021.2.4 Diversifying actions to achieve better results 35421.3 Appreciation and impacts of the CUC according to delegates 35521.3.1 Survey methodology 35521.3.2 Delegates experiencing eco-anxiety 35621.3.3 A majority of present delegates are engaged 35721.3.4 Increased attention to sustainability by the CUC 35821.3.5 Delegates remain optimistic 35921.4 Conclusion 35921.5 References 360Chapter 22 What User Involvement in Sustainable Campuses? An Analysis of the Decision-making Processes of University Smart Buildings in the Lille Region (France) 363Laure DOBIGNY, Mathilde SZUBA, Hervé BARRY and Anouk GERME-BARTIER22.1 Introduction 36322.2 Methodology 36422.3 Case studies 36522.3.1 Rizomm (Catholic University of Lille): a desire for co-design surpassed by a desire for innovation 36522.3.2 Michel Falise (Catholic University of Lille): the choice of full automation 36922.3.3 IUT Roubaix (University of Lille): users distanced by the technical expertise of designers 37122.3.4 Sciences Po Lille: involvement users but limited decision-making power 37522.4 Findings and discussion 37822.4.1 University buildings: showcases for their institutions and imaginary of innovation 37822.4.2 Include: who, when, how and why? 37822.4.3 A question of temporality 37922.4.4 The smart building: an intelligent building instead of users 38022.5 Conclusion: inclusion by sensor or the automation in question 38022.6 Acknowledgements 38122.7 References 381List of Authors 383Index 387