Restructuring the Middle Level School

Sally N. Clark is Senior Lecturer and Donald C. Clark is Professor in the Department of Teaching and Teacher Education at the University of Arizona, Tucson.

• List of Figures Foreword Preface Copyright Acknowledgments Section I. Perspectives on the Middle Level School: Past, Present, and Future 1. Perspectives on Middle Level Education Past and Present What is a Middle Level School?Forces that Led to the Establishment and Rapid Growth of the Junior High SchoolThe Evolution of Middle Level SchoolsCurrent Middle Level School Organization and PracticeSummary References 2. Middle Level Schools: The Rhetoric of Today as the Foundation for Tomorrow How Should Middle Schools be Organized?What Do Successful Middle Level Schools Look Like?Why Middle Level Schools Must ChangeSummaryReferences Section II. Restructuring the Middle Level School: Building a Knowledge Base 3. Early Adolescent Development Needs and Characteristics Early Adolescent Needs and Characteristics: A Broad PerspectiveEarly Adolescent Development: Specific ComponentsEarly Adolescent Development: ImplicationsSummaryReferences 4. Curriculum and Assessment in Responsive Middle Level Schools Curriculum in the Middle Level SchoolCurriculum and Student AssessmentSummaryReferences 5. Responsive Middle Level Programs: Interdisciplinary Teaming, Teacher Advisories, and Student Activities Interdisciplinary TeamingTeacher Advisory ProgramsStudent Activity ProgramsSummaryReferences 6. Programs Which Involve Parents and Community: Parent Participation and Youth Service Parent Involvement ProgramsYouth Service ProgramsSummaryReferences Section III. Restructuring the Middle Level School: Restructuring, Leadership, and Collaboration 7. Restructuring and Middle Level Schools What is School Restructuring?What are the Tasks of Restructuring?Crucial Factors Supporting Successful Middle Level RestructuringSummaryReferences 8. Collaboration and Middle Level School Restructuring School Cultures of Isolation and of CollaborationCollaborative Approaches—Teacher Leadership, Decision Making, and InfluenceStructuring Successful Middle Level School CollaborationOrganizing Collaboration for Strategic PlanningSummaryReferences Section IV. Restructuring the Middle Level School: Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating the Strategic Plan 9. Developing the Restructuring Plan Strategic PlanningDeveloping a Plan for Restructuring the Middle Level SchoolPhase I—Developing a Foundation for RestructuringPhase II—Developing the Strategic Long-Range PlanSummaryReferences 10. Organizing Staff Development to Facilitate School Restructuring Some Assumptions About Staff DevelopmentLeadership and Staff DevelopmentPhase I—Planning the Staff Development ProgramPhase II—Implementing the Staff Development ProgramSummaryReferences 11. Evaluating Middle Level Programs and Practice Purposes and Functions of EvaluationMiddle Level School Evaluation—Four ExamplesSummaryReferences Section V. Restructuring the Middle Level School: Maintaining the Climate for Change 12. Responsive Middle Level Schools: The Continuing Challenge Maintaining the Climate of ChangeSummaryReferences Name Index Subject Index

"This book should be in the hands of every middle level principal in the United States!" — Thomas O. Erb, The University of Kansas, Lawrence