Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts

Jean-Frédéric Morin is Full Professor at Université Laval (Canada) and chairholder of the Canada Research Chair in International Political Economy. His current research projects look at the design of environmental treaties, interactions between international institutions, and the governance of space debris. His most recent co-authored books include Global Environmental Politics (OUP, 2020) and Greening through Trade (MIT Press, 2020).Christian Olsson is Associate Professor at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB, Belgium) and Director of its REPI Research Unit (Recherche et Etudes en Politique Internationale). His research concerns the transformations of warfare in the context of Western overseas military operations, the political dynamics of non-state armed groups and the privatization of security and military operations. Recent articles have been published in Millenium, Critical Military Studies and Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding.Ece Özlem Atikcan is an Associate Professor at the University of Warwick, and a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the European Institute of the University College London in the UK. Her research combines a theoretical focus on political campaigns, issue framing, politicisation of trade agreements, transnational social movements, and diffusion with a regional focus on the European Union. Her recent work has appeared in European Journal of Political Research, Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties, Journal of Public Policy, and as books with Cambridge University Press and McGill-Queen's University Press.

• 0: Introduction1: Chloé Brière: Archival Research2: Yannis Panagis: Automated Text Analysis3: Arnaud Dufays: Bayesian Inference4: Olga Herzog: Behaviourism5: Aysel Küçüksu and Stephanie Anne Shelton: Bias6: Yannick Dufresne and Brittany Davidson: Big Data7: Jasmin Hasic: Boolean Algebra8: Laura Gelhaus and Dirk Leuffen: Case Selection9: Jessica Luciano Gomes and Miriam Gomes Saraiva: Case Study10: Vivien Sierens and Ramona Coman: Causation11: Céline C. Cocq and Ora Szekely: Comparative Analysis12: Louis Bélanger & Pierre-Marc Daigneault: Concept Construction13: Holli A. Semetko: Content Analysis14: Auke Willems: Contextual Analysis15: Shunsuke Sato: Counterfactual Analysis16: Virginie Van Ingelgom and Alban Versailles: Covariance17: Dominik Giese and Jonathan Joseph: Critical Realism18: Andrew Bell: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies19: Dominik Giese and Kai-Uwe Schnapp: Deductive, Inductive, and Retroductive Reasoning20: Louis Imbeau, Sule Tomkinson and Yasmina Malki: Descriptive, Explanatory, and Interpretive Approaches21: François Depelteau: Determinism, Predictions, and Probabilism22: Elisa Narminio and Caterina Carta: Discourse Analysis23: Elena Avramovska: Endogeneity24: Gianfranco Pellegrino: Epistemology25: Laurence Marquis and Mark Daku: Ethics in Research26: Chowra Makaremi: Ethnography27: Damien Bol: Experiments28: Ulf Liebe: Factor Analysis29: Brian D. Earp: Falsification30: Andrew Parker and Jonathan Tritter: Focus Groups31: Érick Duchesne and Arthur Silve: Formal Modelling32: Frederik Ponjaert: Grand Theory and Middle Range Theory33: Mélanie Samson: Hermeneutics34: Onna Van Den Broek and Adam William Chalmers: Hypotheses35: Roberto Carrillo and Lidia Núñez: Interdisciplinary36: Marta Matrakova: Interview Techniques37: Mauro Caprioli and Claire Dupuy: Levels of Analysis38: Mathieu Ouimet and Pierre-Olivier Bédard: Literature review39: Noémie Laurens: Meta-Analysis40: Suzan Gibril: Methodological Individualism and Holism41: Manfredi Valeriani and Vicki L. Plano Clark: Mixed Methods42: Johann Wolfschwenger and Kevin Lloyd Young: Multi-causality and Equifinality43: Amal Tawfik and Stephan Davidshofer: Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Geometric Data Analysis44: Nicky Hayes: Nomothetic and Idiographic Methods45: Christian Olsson: Observational Methods46: Eric Fabri: Ontology47: Anne-Laure Mahé and Theodore Mclauchlin: Operationalization48: Julien Pomarède: Oral History and Life History49: Andreas Dimmelmeier and Sheila Dow: Paradigms and Research Programmes50: Patrick Thaddeus Jackson and Lucas Dolan: Positivism, Post-positivism, and Social Science51: Seda Gürkan and Jochem Rietveld: Process Tracing52: Jacob A. Hasselbalch and Leonard Seabrooke: Prosopography53: Kevin Kalomeni and Claudius Wagemann: Qualitative Comparative Analysis54: Kamil Marcinkiewicz and Kai-Uwe Schnapp: Regression Analysis55: Stefan Schmidt: Replication and Reproducibility56: Irene Wieczorek and Piergiuseppe Parisi: Research Question57: Emilie Van Haute: Sampling Techniques58: Heikki Patomäki: Scientific Realism59: Mathilde Gauquelin: Scope Conditions60: Thomas Collas and Philippe Blanchard: Sequence Analysis61: Nicholas Haagensen and Lasse Folke Henriksen: Social Network Analysis62: Kenneth Bertrams and Anne Weyembergh: Source Criticism63: Olesya Tkacheva: Statistical Significance64: Lior Gideon and Kevin Barnes-Ceeney: Survey Research65: Guillaume Beaumier and Didier Wernli: Systems Analysis66: Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke: Thematic Analysis67: Nina Baur and Jannis Hergesell: Time Series68: Sabine Caillaud and Uwe Flick: Triangulation69: Juraj Halas: Typology70: Kimberly A. Neuendorf: Unit Analysis and Observation71: Jean-Frédéric Morin and Alessandra Bonci: Variables