Edited by Katja S. Ziegler, Sir Robert Jennings Professor of International Law, Co-Director, Centre of European Law and Internationalisation (CELI), University of Leicester, UK, Päivi J. Neuvonen, Assistant Professor in European Law, Durham University, UK, Co-Director of the Durham European Law Institute (DELI) and Docent in European Law, University of Helsinki, Finland and Violeta Moreno-Lax, Professor of Law and co-founder of the Centre for European and International Legal Affairs (CEILA), Queen Mary University of London, UK and Visiting Professor, College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium

• Contents:Introduction to the Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law 1Katja S. Ziegler, Päivi J. Neuvonen and Violeta Moreno-LaxPART I FOUNDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES FROMINTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW1 General principles in the EU legal order: past, present and future directions 7Päivi J. Neuvonen and Katja S. Ziegler2 General principles of law: treaty, historical, and normative foundations 25Paul Craig3 Harmonisation through general principles of law 40Andreas von Arnauld4 The use of substantive international law by the EU judiciary 62Alexander Orakhelashvili5 General principles of EU law and comparative law 82Giuseppe MartinicoPART II COMPETENCES6 The equality of the Member States 99Monica Claes7 Loyalty and solidarity as general principles 118Marcus Klamert8 The principle of institutional balance: rise, eclipse and revival ofa general principle of EU constitutional law 136Sébastien PlatonPART III STRUCTURAL AND FORMAL CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES9 Four functions of the principle of primacy in the post-Lisbon case lawof the European Court of Justice 157Clara Rauchegger10 The horizontal application of the general principles of EU law: nothingless than direct effect 173Nicole Lazzerini11 The principle of proportionality in EU law and its domestic application:ni tout à fait le même, ni tout à fait un autre 191Eirik Bjorge and Jan Zglinski12 General principles of procedural justice 209Simona Demková and Herwig C.H. Hofmann13 Autonomy of the EU legal order – a general principle? On the risks ofnormative functionalism and selective constitutionalisation 227Violeta Moreno-Lax and Katja S. ZieglerPART IV CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDING VALUES14 Liberty and democracy as fundamental constitutional principles of EU law 254Dora Kostakopoulou15 The general principle of equality as a value commitment in EU law:scope, limits, and challenges 267Päivi J. Neuvonen16 The rule of law as the constitutional foundation of the general principlesof EU law 287Theodore Konstadinides17 General principles: taking rights seriously and waving the rule-of-lawstick in the European Union 308Xavier Groussot and Johan Lindholm18 Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter ofFundamental Rights 327Katja S. Ziegler and Aristi VolouPART V EQUAL TREATMENT AND NON-DISCRIMINATION19 General principles of equal treatment in EU non-discrimination law 350Christa Tobler20 General principle of equality between men and women 366Jule MulderPART VI FREE MOVEMENT AND INTERNAL MARKET21 General principles in free movement law: applicability and application 386Jukka Snell22 The prohibition of abuse of EU law: a special general principle 401Graham Butler and Karsten Engsig Sørensen23 General principles of EU law in EU antitrust 422Max Hjärtström and Julian Nowag24 General principles in EU state aid law 440Oana Stefan25 General principles in EU public procurement law 461Sylvia de MarsPART VII PRIVATE LAW26 The many (general) principles of EU private law 480Lucinda Miller27 General principles of EU corporate and insolvency law 498Federico M. MucciarelliPART VIII AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE28 General principles and EU criminal law 512Ester Herlin-Karnell29 Mutual trust as a driver of integration: which way forward? 529Cristina Sáenz Pérez30 Data protection and general principles of EU law 544Wouter van Ballegooij31 The child’s best interests as a gap filler and expander of EU law ininternal situations 562Iris Goldner LangPART IX EXTERNAL RELATIONS32 EU general principles in external relations: shaping the EU as a globalactor and dealing with its accountability 575Anne Thies33 The external dimension of the principle of conferral: division ofcompetences in international trade 592Ewa Żelazna34 General principles in EU common foreign and security policy 606Ramses A. WesselIndex

‘The appeal of general principles lies in their capacity to provide a systematic framework according to which to develop a legal order. And yet does this not suggest an abstract, even illusory, claim to coherence? Where anyway do general principles come from? This book does a wonderfully rich job of navigating the many contexts in which general principles play a role in EU law, and provides a critical account of their several functions.’