Research Handbook on Civil–Military Relations

Edited by Aurel Croissant, Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Germany and and GSIS, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, S Korea, David Kuehn, Senior Research Fellow, German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg, Germany and David Pion-Berlin, Distinguished Professor, Department of Political Science, University of California, Riverside, US

• Contents1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Civil–Military Relations 1David Pion-Berlin, Aurel Croissant and David KuehnPART I CONTROL AND NON-COMPLIANCE2 Introduction to Part I: control and non-compliance 19David Pion-Berlin3 Coups d’état and coup avoidance 23Nam Kyu Kim4 Revisiting the Janus-face: civil–military relations and strategy-making 40Risa Brooks5 Military power and autonomy 54Rut Diamint6 Soldiers over diplomats: the delegation of foreign policy authority tothe armed forces 70David Pion-Berlin7 The power of belief: the role of coups, microbehaviors, and militarylearning in ideas about civil–military relations 86Nathan W. Toronto8 Institutions of democratic control and oversight 99Walter C. Ladwig III and Anit MukherjeePART II MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS9 Introduction to Part II: military effectiveness 118David Kuehn10 Strategic planning, resources, effectiveness 123Florina Cristiana Matei11 Knowledge, expertise, and effectiveness 141Rafa Martínez12 Coup-proofing and military effectiveness 155Dan Reiter13 Oversight, accountability, and effectiveness 171Thomas C. BruneauPART III MILITARY MISSION AND ROLES14 Introduction to Part III: military missions 185David Pion-Berlin15 External threats and civilian control: the case of the Ukrainianmilitary’s professional adaptation to Russian aggression 190Polina Beliakova16 Internal deployment and democratic survival 206Andrew Ivey17 Peacekeeping operations and civil–military relations: an emergingresearch agenda? 219Chiara Ruffa and Vanessa Newby18 Military responses to natural disasters and pandemics 231Igor Acácio and Anaís Medeiros PassosPART IV MILITARY AND SOCIETY19 Introduction to Part IV: military and society 247David Kuehn20 Demographics and military service 252Lindy Heinecken21 National cohesion, division, and military behavior 266Kristen A. Harkness22 Military entrepreneurship 283Collin Grimes23 Militarism and militarization 298Yagil Levy24 Public opinion and the military 314Marjan Malešič and Maja Garb25 Education and military–societal convergence 333Ilia Murtazashvili and Jonathan ShinePART V MILITARY IN AUTOCRATIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION26 Introduction to Part V: military in autocratization and democratization 350Aurel Croissant27 Regime maintenance and counter-protest 356Tanja Eschenauer-Engler, David Kuehn and Aurel Croissant28 Democratic resilience and the military in new democracies 374Kristina Mani29 Regime hybridization and civil–military relations 388Harold Trinkunas30 Autocratic consolidation and civil–military relations 404Philippe Droz-VincentIndex 420

‘Civil–military relations is a timely and timeless issue. Readers will find in the Research Handbook on Civil–Military Relations a wide-range of chapters that cover the waterfront of the most pressing topics in contemporary relations between generals and politicians penned by a who's-who of leading interdisciplinary scholars. Aurel Croissant, David Kuehn, and David Pion-Berlin have assembled an important resource for scholars, policymakers, and the general public who want to answer the age-old question: “who guards the guardians?”’