This report contains the proceedings of a one-day workshop organized by the National Research Councila (TM)s Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), in conjunction with a study by a panel of the NRC Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT). This combined activity was commissioned by the Science Resources Statistics Division (SRS) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) to recommend improvements in the Foundationa (TM)s portfolio of surveys of research and development spending by the federal government, state governments, private industry, the nationa (TM)s universities and colleges, and other nonprofit institutions.