Renewable and Sustainable Energy: Chemical and Biological Aspects provides a definitive, interdisciplinary roadmap for the global transition toward low-carbon and circular energy systems by bridging fundamental chemical transformations with biologically mediated processes. This volume delivers a comprehensive examination of electrochemical energy conversion, bioenergy valorization, green hydrogen production, and carbon capture, with an emphasis on the structure–property–performance relationships essential for scaling next-generation technologies.Integrating fundamental science with applied engineering, this volume serves as a forward-looking guide for graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals across chemistry, biotechnology, and energy systems. It highlights current challenges and future research directions, providing the technical insights necessary to navigate the evolving renewable energy landscape.