Renal System at a Glance

Professor Chris O'Callaghan, Professor of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

• Preface to the fourth edition viiIntroduction and how to use this book ixAbbreviations xGlossary xiiNomenclature xivNormal values xvAbout the companion website xviiPart 1 Introduction 11 The kidney: structural overview 22 The kidney: functional overview 43 Development of the renal system 64 Clinical features of kidney disease 85 The kidney: laboratory investigations and diagnostic imaging 10Part 2 Filtration and blood flow 136 Renal vascular biology 147 Glomerular filtration 168 Renal vascular disease 189 Erythropoietin and anemia in renal disease 20Part 3 Sodium and water 2310 Renal sodium handling 2411 The kidney and water handling 2612 Regulation of body sodium and body water 2813 Disorders of sodium and water metabolism 3014 Hyponatremia and hypernatremia 3215 The edema states: sodium and water retention 34Part 4 Potassium 3716 Renal potassium handling 3817 Regulation of potassium metabolism 4018 Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia 42Part 5 Acid-base 4519 Renal acid-base and buffer concepts 4620 Renal acid-base handling 4821 Acid-base regulation and responses to acid-base disturbances 5022 Clinical disorders of acid-base metabolism and metabolic acidosis 5223 Metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis 5424 Renal tubular acidosis 56Part 6 Divalent ions – calcium, phosphate and magnesium 5925 Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium metabolism 6026 Regulation of divalent ions and disorders of phosphate and magnesium 6227 Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia 64Part 7 Drugs and genetic disorders 6728 Drug and organic molecule handling by the kidney 6829 Renal pharmacology: diuretics 7030 Hereditary disorders of tubular transport 7231 Polycystic kidney disease 74Part 8 Glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease 7732 Glomerular disease: an overview 7833 Glomerular pathologies and their associated diseases 8034 Specific diseases affecting the glomeruli 8235 Proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome 8436 Tubulointerstitial disease 86Part 9 Systemic conditions and the renal system 8937 Hypertension: causes and clinical evaluation 9038 Hypertension: complications and therapy 9239 Pregnancy and the renal system 9440 Diabetes mellitus and the kidney 96Part 10 Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease 9941 Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology 10042 Acute kidney injury: clinical aspects 10243 Chronic kidney disease and kidney function in the elderly 10444 Severe chronic kidney disease and renal bone disease 10645 Severe chronic kidney disease: clinical complications and their management 10846 Treatment of kidney failure with dialysis 11047 Peritoneal dialysis and continuous hemofiltration 11248 Renal transplantation 11449 Global kidney medicine 116Part 11 Stones, infection and cancer 11950 Urinary tract infection 12051 Urinary tract stones 12252 Urinary tract cancer 124Case studies and questions 126Answers 129Index 133