Remote Learning and Distance Education

William H. Pruden III, JD, is Director of Civic Engagement and Instructor of History and Social Studies at Ravenscroft School, NC, USA.

• Preface1. Background and HistoryThe First Distance LearningTrends and Landmarks in Correspondence EducationRadio DaysThe Television Age: A Revolutionary Tool or Wires in a Box Concerns Raised About Television’s Dark SideComputers Enter the GameThe Internet Starts to Make Things InterestingThe Pandemic Changes EverythingConfronting the PandemicEmerging From the Pandemic: Navigating a Changed LandscapeHere We Go Again?!Beyond the Pandemic: Looking Ahead to the Future of Distance EducationIn the New NormalBibliography2. Problems, Controversies and SolutionsBasic Elements of Distance EducationAccess and EquityEducational QualityChanging the Way We Teach and Learn?Protecting and Maintaining Academic IntegrityFinancial Costs Impact on Health – Physical, Mental, and EmotionalDistance Education and the Corporatization of Higher Education The Conundrums of OPMsRemote Learning, Distance Education, and the Dangers of First ImpressionsBibliography3. PerspectivesLindsey BarrettEleanor CampbellAidan CarrollLaura KovalaskeGuy LancasterSarah Swain4. ProfilesPeopleSir Isaac PitmanMichael Grahame MooreCharles A. WedemeyerJoan Ganz CooneyMuriel Oaks and Janet Ross Kendall Organizations/Institutions/CorporationsASU OnlineCourseraKhan AcademyOnline Learning Consortium Southern New Hampshire University Telelearning Systems and the Electronic University Network 2U, Inc.University of PhoenixWestern Governors University5. Documents and DataDataTable 5.1. Pre-pandemic Growth of Online Learning, 2013-2018Table 5.2. Percentage of Students in Online Learning, 2019-2021Table 5.3. Parent Opinions of the Impact of the First Year of Pandemic on Their K-12 Children’s Education and Well-being Table 5.4. Differences by Race, Ethnicity, and Income in Percentage of Parents Who Said the Impact of the First Year of the Pandemic Was NegativeTable 5.5. Parents Who Said the First Year of the Pandemic Had a Negative Emotional Impact, by Race, and Their Views on Whether It Improved Table 5.6. Teen Opinions on Post-Pandemic SchoolingTable 5.7. Teen and Parent Satisfaction Level with How Their School Has Handled Virtual LearningTable 5.8. Worry Level of Teens and Parents That They May Have Fallen Behind in School Due to the PandemicTable 5.9. Access Issues for Teens, Encountered Often or SometimesDocumentsPress Release from Office of Senator Elizabeth Warren Concerning Letters Sent to CEOs of Online Project Management Companies (2020)Letter Sent by Senators Elizabeth Warren and Sherrod Brown to the CEOs of Five OPMs Concerning Business Practices (2020)National Council on Disability Statement to House Subcommittee Regarding Educational Equity Post-COVID-19 (2021)GAO Report, “Indian Education—Schools Need More Assistance to Provide Distance Learning” (2021)Press Release from the Office of Senator Edward J. Markey Announcing the Introduction of Legislation Addressing the Online Educational Needs Caused by the Covid Pandemic (2021)National Science Foundation, “Education Researchers Assess Impacts of Long-term Remote Learning on Students” (2021)Excerpt from “Distance Learning in the Pandemic Age: Lessons from a (No Longer) Emergency” (2022)6. ResourcesBooks and ArticlesHistory, Overviews, and CompilationsTheory, Philosophy, and Developing PracticesTeaching Strategies and TipsPedagogy, Curriculum, and Course DesignThe Business of Distance EducationAdministering and Developing Distance Education ProgramsDistance Education versus Remote LearningPros, Cons, and AssessmentsHigher Education and Distance EducationHybrid and Blended LearningIssues and ImpactsOpportunities for the Online LearnerWebsites7. ChronologyGlossaryIndexAbout the Author