Lorand Bartels is University Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Cambridge, UK and Federico Ortino is Reader in International Economic Law, King's College University of London, UK.

• Contents: Introduction; Part I Discrimination: GATT/WTO constraints on national regulation: requiem for an ’aims and effects’ test, Robert E. Hudec; MFN unconditionality: a legal analysis of the concept in view of its evolution in the GATT/WTO jurisprudence with particular reference to the issue of ’like product’, William J. Davey and Joost Pauwelyn; The product/process distinction - an illusory basis for disciplining ’unilateralism’ in trade policy, Robert Howse and Donald Regan; De facto discrimination in world trade law: national and most-favored- nation treatment - or equal treatment?, Lothar Ehring. Part II Beyond Discrimination: European communities - trade description of sardines: textualism and its discontent, Henrik Horn and Joseph H.H. Weiler; Of apples and oranges (and hormones in beef): science and the standard of review in WTO disputes under the SPS agreement, Jacqueline Peel. Part III Policy Exceptions: The meaning of ’necessary’ in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV: the myth of cost-benefit balancing, Donald H. Regan; International adjudication on national security issues: what role for WTO?, Dapo Akande and Sope Williams. Part IV Subsidies and Trade Remedies: Subsidies and countervailing measures, Alan O. Sykes; The safeguards mess: a critique of WTO jurisprudence, Alan O. Sykes. Part V Developing Countries: The definition of developing countries under GATT and other international law, Guglielmo Verdirame; The trade and development policy of the European Union, Lorand Bartels. Part VI Regional Trade Agreements: Regional economic arrangements and the GATT: the legacy of a misconception, Kenneth W. Dam; Legal requirements for PTAs under the WTO, Andrew D. Mitchell and Nicholas J.H. Lockhart; Name index.