Refrigerators, Heat Pumps and Reverse Cycle Engines

Jocelyn Bonjour is Professor in thermodynamics and its application to energy conversion systems. He is a member of the International Institute of Refrigeration and conducts research aimed at improving the efficiency of refrigeration machines and heat pumps.

• Foreword ixMichel FEIDTPreface xiJocelyn BONJOURChapter 1 Heating and Cooling by Reverse Cycle Engines: State of the Art 1Philippe HABERSCHILL and Rémi REVELLIN1.1 Vapor compression refrigerators and heat pumps 21.1.1. Operation principle of closed-circuit refrigeration installation: definitions 21.1.2 Actual cycle with superheating and subcooling 51.1.3 Special cycles 61.1.4 Heat output settings 201.2 Systems driven by thermal energy 211.2.1 Principle of thermodynamic operation 211.2.2 Absorption chillers 221.2.3 Ejection machines 381.3 References 44Chapter 2 Entropy and Exergy Analyses Applied to Reverse Cycles 45Jocelyn BONJOUR and Rémi REVELLIN2.1 Definition of the study system and objectives 452.2 Energy analysis 482.2.1 Steady-state system-wide analyses 492.2.2 A system-wide analysis: power or energy? 512.2.3 Component-scale energy analysis 522.3 Entropy analysis 622.3.1 Second law of thermodynamics: an entropic power balance 632.3.2 Reversible upper limit: Carnot engines 632.3.3 Component-scale entropy analysis 722.3.4 Phenomenon-scale entropy analysis: two-phase flows with heat transfer and phase change 782.4 Exergy analysis 822.4.1 From the concept of exergy to proposed definitions 822.4.2 Mathematical definitions of exergy 832.4.3 Exergy analysis of reverse cycle engines 852.5 Case study for exergy analysis 882.5.1 Refrigerator with cooled compression and recovery of heat rejected 882.5.2 Heat pump running on CO 2 with or without an ejector 902.6 References 92Chapter 3 Thermodynamics and Optimization of Reverse Cycle Engines 93Michel FEIDT3.1 Reverse cycle engines according to equilibrium thermodynamics: reminders of the concepts 933.2 Receiving engines in the presence of internal irreversibilities 953.3 The Carnot refrigerator according to finite-time thermodynamics 963.4 The reverse cycle Carnot engine model according to finite physical dimensions thermodynamics (FPDT) 983.4.1 Model of a Carnot engine with thermal conductances 983.4.2 Immediate extensions of the model with thermal conductances 1023.5. Generalization of the reverse cycle Carnot engine model according to FPDT 1043.6 Latest advances in a reverse cycle Carnot engine model 1063.6.1 Energy model 1063.6.2. Minimizing the energy expenditure of the Carnot refrigerator (power) 1073.6.3 The modified Chambadal refrigerator 1083.6.4 The modified Curzon–Ahlborn refrigerator 1103.7 Extension of finite physical dimensions thermodynamics to two complex systems 1123.7.1 Complex two-reservoir systems 1123.7.2. Some comments on reverse cycle engines with three and four reservoirs 1163.8 Some conclusions and perspectives 1193.9 References 119Chapter 4 Scientific and Technological Challenges of Thermal Compression Refrigerating Systems 121Florine GIRAUD, Romuald RULLIÈRE and Jocelyn BONJOUR4.1 Introduction 1214.2 Kinetics and dynamics – heat and mass transfers in thermal compression engines 1224.2.1 Absorption theory and design elements of absorbers 1234.2.2 Adsorption theory and dimensioning elements of adsorbers and reverse cycle adsorption engines 1304.2.3 Issues associated with transfer kinetics and resistance 1354.3 Technological challenges in component design 1384.3.1 Fluid pair 1384.3.2 Absorber 1394.3.3 Adsorber 1434.3.4 Evaporator 1514.3.5 Coupling of components: the evapo-absorber 1564.4 Risks associated with liquid–solid phase transition phenomena 1604.4.1 Crystallization 1604.4.2 Freezing 1624.5 Conclusion 1634.6 References 164Chapter 5 Magnetocaloric Refrigeration: Principle and Applications 171Monica SIROUX5.1 Introduction 1715.2 Magnetic refrigeration 1725.2.1 Overview 1725.2.2 The magnetocaloric effect 1745.2.3 Magneto-thermodynamic cycles 1765.2.4 Magnetocaloric materials 1825.3 Numerical models 1865.3.1 Numerical models of magnetocaloric regenerators 1865.3.2 Recent numerical models 1895.4 Applications 1945.4.1 Prototypes 1945.4.2 Future applications 2015.5 Conclusion 2045.6 References 204Chapter 6 Thermoelectric Systems as an Alternative to Reverse Cycle Engines 209Julien RAMOUSSE and Stéphane PAILHЀS6.1 Thermoelectricity fundamentals 2116.1.1 Transport of charge and heat 2136.1.2 Thermoelectric effects 2206.1.3 Main lines of research 2296.2 Implementation and performance analysis 2366.2.1 Implementation of thermoelectric modules 2376.2.2 Performance analysis of thermoelectric modules 2386.2.3 Intrinsic performance of thermoelectric systems 2406.2.4 Optimal module design 2446.2.5 Overall performance of thermoelectric systems 2456.2.6 Thermodynamic analysis of irreversibilities 2476.2.7 Integration and management 2506.3 Applications 2516.3.1 Cooling of electronic and optical components 2516.3.2 Domestic refrigerator 2526.3.3 Building applications: air conditioning, room cooling 2536.3.4 Automotive cooling 2536.3.5 Autonomous solar cooling 2536.4 References 254List of Authors 263Index 265