Recycling, a Challenge for the Circular Economy

Michel Cathelineau is Director of Research at the CNRS, France, and is heavily involved in the activities of the ICEEL Carnot Institute and the Strategic Metals in the 21st Century (Ressources21) laboratory of excellence.

• Introduction xiiiMichel CATHELINEAU and Alexandre CHAGNESChapter 1. Waste Prevention 1Eddy LANGLOIS1.1. Introduction 11.2. Facts 21.3. Solutions 91.4. References 15Chapter 2. Primary and Secondary Resources for Energy and Digital Transitions 17Michel CATHELINEAU2.1. The great industrial booms related to the type of energy and the subsequent changes in the use of resources 172.2. Metals employed by the industry: rare, strategic and critical metals, rare earths, etc. 232.3. Available reserves and resources: metal reserves 252.4. Metals of energy and digital transitions 272.5. An uncertain future: the relative share of primary and secondary resources 322.6. Metal recycling. 392.7. References 41Chapter 3. Recycling and Business Model(s) in the Circular Economy 45Sébastien LIARTE3.1. The role of recycling in the transition from the linear economy to the circular economy 463.2. Encouraging companies to "close the loop" through recycling 493.3. In search of a business model for the circular economy, in general, and for recycling, in particular 513.4. Electric car batteries 543.5. Conclusion 573.6. References 58Chapter 4. Hydrometallurgical Recycling of Energy Transition Materials 61Alexandre CHAGNES4.1. Introduction 614.2. The main unit operations of hydrometallurgical processes 634.3. Implementation of hydrometallurgical processes in recycling 724.4. Conclusion 834.5. References 84Chapter 5. Recovery and Recycling of Metals from WEEE 87Pauline GAMBS, Marie LEPAGE and Hervé MUHR5.1. Introduction 875.2. Definition and context 885.3. The future of (W)EEE 995.4. An urban mine 1095.5. The example of the cellphone 1155.6. Conclusion 1225.7. References 123Chapter 6. Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards 125Benoît VILLEMEJEANNE and Sophie LEGEAI6.1. Introduction 1256.2. PCBs, a mine of rare and precious metals 1266.3. The treatment of PCBs 1336.4. Conclusion 1456.5. References 147Chapter 7. Polymer Recycling by Open Source Additive Manufacturing 151Fabio CRUZ SANCHEZ, Hakim BOUDAOUD, Sandrine HOPPE and Mauricio CAMARGO7.1. Introduction 1527.2. Theoretical context 1527.3. Recycling in AM 1597.4. Proposal of methodology to evaluate the recyclability potential of polymers for AM 1627.5. Case study: recycling of PLA for FFF 3D printing 1657.6. Results 1727.7. Conclusion 1767.8. References 176Chapter 8. Holistic Assessment of Distributed Recycling for Open Source 3D Printing 183Pavlo SANTANDER TAPIA, Fabio CRUZ SANCHEZ, Hakim BOUDAOUD and Mauricio CAMARGO8.1. Introduction 1848.2. State of the art 1868.3. Methodological proposal 1888.4. Development and application of models to the research platform LF2L 1918.5. Conclusion 2058.6. References 208Chapter 9. Cascading Recycling of Wood Waste 211Nicolas BROSSE, Arnaud BESSERER, Sarah TROILO, Pierre GIRODS, Lucas SOUFFLET and Yann ROGAUME9.1. Introduction 2129.2. State of the art, deposits 2139.3. Sorting 2189.4. Panel industry, MDF (current methods) 2199.5. Ongoing research and innovations 2219.6. Conclusion 2339.7. References 234Chapter 10. Recycling and Recovery of Glass Material 237Christophe RAPIN, Eléonore DURAND and Marie-Alice SKAPER10.1. Introduction 23810.2. Definition - overview 23910.3. General data on recycling 24510.4. Various causes of problems depending on waste sources 25610.5. Conclusion 26210.6. References 263Chapter 11. Agromining, A Method for Recovering Metals from Soil 265Marie-Odile SIMONNOT, Baptiste LAUBIE, Jean Louis MOREL and Guillaume ECHEVARRIA11.1. Introduction 26511.2. Metal-bearing soils 26811.3. Hyperaccumulator plants 27111.4. Metal recovery from biomass 27311.5. Environmental impacts of agromining 27611.6. Conclusion 27711.7. References 278Chapter 12. Recycling of Construction Components and Corresponding Sectors 281Jean-Michel MECHLING, Cécile DILIBERTO, Sandrine BRAYMAND and Essia BELHAJ12.1. Introduction 28112.2. What construction materials are effectively recyclable? What are their properties? 28512.3. What are the recyclable industrial coproducts for construction? 29012.4. Valorization in civil engineering materials 29312.5. Conclusion: drivers and barriers to recycling and recovery 30712.6. References 309List of Authors 317Index 321