Reappraising the History of the Jews in the Netherlands

Hans Blom is Emeritus Professor of Dutch History at the University of Amsterdam, and the former director of the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation. David J. Wertheim is the director of the Menasseh ben Israel Institute for Jewish Social and Cultural Studies, Amsterdam. Hetty Berg is the director of the Jewish Museum Berlin. Bart T. Wallet is Professor of Jewish History at the University of Amsterdam.

• List of illustrationsEditorial noteList of abbreviationsIntroduction IVO SCHÖFFER1. The Middle Ages B. M. J. SPEETFirst Signs of a Jewish PresenceThe Northern Netherlands Violent Persecution Gelderland in the Fifteenth Century Discrimination and Expulsion The Christian Origins of Antisemitism Fresh Accusations In Search of an Explanation2. Between the Middle Ages and the Golden Age, 1516–1621 DANIEL M. SWETSCHINSKIJews in the Holy Roman Empire The Iberian Background Portuguese New Christians in Antwerp The Attitude of Humanists and Reformers to Jews and Judaism The Toleration Debate and the Jews Portuguese New Christians in Holland Four Christian Views of Jews The Growth of the Sephardi Colony in Amsterdam The Future Still Uncertain3. The Republic of the United Netherlands until about 1750: Demography and Economic Activity JONATHAN I. ISRAELThe Early Decades, 1595–1648 Expansion and Colonization The Burgeoning of Commerce and of the Credit System, 1648–1713 Growing Population Figures During the Period of Economic Decline, 1713–17504. The Jews in the Republic until about 1750: Religious, Cultural, and Social Life YOSEF KAPLANThe Organization of the Community Three Congregations The Influx of Paupers The Power of the Mahamad New Synagogues Sephardim and Ashkenazim outside Amsterdam Religious Life: Tradition and Change A Good Education Ashkenazi Life Jewish Printers in Amsterdam The Shabbatean Movement in Amsterdam Influential Rabbis Culture and Secular Creativity Literature and the Stage Everyday Life Ideological Conflicts Relations between Jews and Christians Jewish Stereotypes5. Enlightenment and Emancipation, c.1750–1814 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELDGood Citizens Demographic Changes and Emigration Economic Changes The Administration of the Jewish Communities Administrative Changes after 1796 Religious and Cultural Life6. Arduous Adaptation, 1814–1870 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELDThe Government and the Jews Education The Reorganization of the Jewish Communities after 1848 The Government and Jews under Threat Abroad Dutch Jews as Citizens Economic and Social Changes The Attitude of Protestants and Catholics towards Jews Cultural and Religious Trends Reactions to the New Jewish Fellow-Citizens7. Jewish Netherlanders, Netherlands Jews, and Jews in the Netherlands, 1870–1940 J. C. H. BLOM and JOEL J. CAHENDemography Occupations, Economic Role, and Poverty Religious Life, (Sub)culture, and Pillarization Assimilation, Integration, and Antisemitism Solidarity with International Jewry and Zionism Refugees from Germany Jews in the Dutch Colonies Jew and Netherlander8. The War, 1940-1945 PETER ROMIJNThe German Invasion • Registration Segregation New Regulations Outlaws Deportations and the Yellow Star Forced Removal and Labour Camps Organization and Selection Flight, Going into Hiding, and Resistance The Transit Camps Deportation and Murder Conclusion9. After the Second World War: From Religious Community to Cultural Minority F. CHAYA BRASZThe First Few Months The Jewish Co-ordination Committee Antisemitism Religious Congregations Migration The Struggle for the Jewish War Orphans The Purges Jews in Modern Dutch Society after 1950 Numbers and Distribution A Cultural Minority Religious Developments The Colonies Jews and Christians Zionism Middle East Policy The Holocaust EpilogueBibliographical essaysBibliographyNotes on contributorsIndex of namesGeneral Index

Reviews‘This volume features new research and, more importantly, new historiographic perspectives about how to write the history of the Jews in Europe. Because it is very sensitive to issues with which historians of other Jewish communities grapple - for example, the place of Holocaust memorialization in community life, the impact of multicultural politics, Israel and Zionism - it has the potential to move the history of Dutch Jewry into closer conversation with other European Jewish histories.’Todd Endelman, Professor Emeritus of History and Judaic Studies, University of Michigan'Two decades have passed since the last history of the Jews of the Netherlands was published, and the editors of the present volume have taken great care to ensure that the main points of the substantial amount of new research on the history and culture of Dutch Jewry have been incorporated.'Jonathan I. Israel, Emeritus Professor of European History, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton'This welcome new volume positions the history of the Jews of the Netherlands squarely in the contemporary historiographical landscape. It is persuasive as to how and why it has something to say to the broader field, and why it should be seen as an integral part of that field.'David Rechter, Professor of Modern Jewish History, University of Oxford