Eva De Visscher, Ph.D. Leeds (2004), teaches at Aberystwyth University and the University of Oxford. She has published several articles on medieval Jewish-Christian encounters and Hebrew-Latin-vernacular manuscrips, including one in Multilingualism in Medieval Britain, ed. Jefferson and Putter (Brepols, 2013).

• Acknowledgments ...ixList of Abbreviations...xiNotes on Translations and Transliterations ...xiiiList of Illustrations ...xvIntroduction ...11.Herbert of Bosham’s Life and Works ...12.Christian Hebraisms ...63.The Hebraist Commentaries: The Magna Glosatura and the Psalterium Cum Commento ...19I.How Much Hebrew did Herbert Know? ...231.Transliteration of Hebrew Words ...232.Knowledge of Hebrew Grammar ...303.Lexical Changes: The Problems of Literal Translation ...45II.Hebrew Learning Tools ...551.Jerome ...552.Hebrew-Latin Psalters and the Eadwine Psalter ...623.Hebraico-French Glosses—Le‘azim ...674.Hebrew-Hebraico-French Glossaries and Proto-dictionaries 74III.The Use of Rabbinic Sources ...791.Magister and Litterator ...802.Rashi ...812.Midrash Tehillim ...1064.The Talmud/Gamaliel ...1135.The Targums ...1206.Menahem ben Saruq and Dunash ibn Labrat ...1267.Oral Sources ...130IV.Negotiating Christian and Jewish Authorities ...1371.Paul’s Neutralising Influence ...1382.Paul as Christianising Force ...1443.Paul versus the Litteratores ...1514.Herbert on the Fence? ...154V.The Practice of Literal Exegesis ...1611.Hebraist, Exegete and Polemicist ...1612.Littera and Peshat ...1773.Caro and Spiritus ...185Epilogue ...193Appendix 1.Lists of Hebrew and French Words ...199Appendix 2.Plates of London, St Paul s Cathedral Library, MS 2 ...203Bibliography ...207Index ...219

Eva De Visscher, Ph.D. Leeds (2004), teaches at Aberystwyth University and the University of Oxford. She has published several articles on medieval Jewish-Christian encounters and Hebrew-Latin-vernacular manuscrips, including one in Multilingualism in Medieval Britain, ed. Jefferson and Putter (Brepols, 2013).

• Acknowledgments ...ixList of Abbreviations...xiNotes on Translations and Transliterations ...xiiiList of Illustrations ...xvIntroduction ...11.Herbert of Bosham’s Life and Works ...12.Christian Hebraisms ...63.The Hebraist Commentaries: The Magna Glosatura and the Psalterium Cum Commento ...19I.How Much Hebrew did Herbert Know? ...231.Transliteration of Hebrew Words ...232.Knowledge of Hebrew Grammar ...303.Lexical Changes: The Problems of Literal Translation ...45II.Hebrew Learning Tools ...551.Jerome ...552.Hebrew-Latin Psalters and the Eadwine Psalter ...623.Hebraico-French Glosses—Le‘azim ...674.Hebrew-Hebraico-French Glossaries and Proto-dictionaries 74III.The Use of Rabbinic Sources ...791.Magister and Litterator ...802.Rashi ...812.Midrash Tehillim ...1064.The Talmud/Gamaliel ...1135.The Targums ...1206.Menahem ben Saruq and Dunash ibn Labrat ...1267.Oral Sources ...130IV.Negotiating Christian and Jewish Authorities ...1371.Paul’s Neutralising Influence ...1382.Paul as Christianising Force ...1443.Paul versus the Litteratores ...1514.Herbert on the Fence? ...154V.The Practice of Literal Exegesis ...1611.Hebraist, Exegete and Polemicist ...1612.Littera and Peshat ...1773.Caro and Spiritus ...185Epilogue ...193Appendix 1.Lists of Hebrew and French Words ...199Appendix 2.Plates of London, St Paul s Cathedral Library, MS 2 ...203Bibliography ...207Index ...219

Eva De Visscher, Ph.D. Leeds (2004), teaches at Aberystwyth University and the University of Oxford. She has published several articles on medieval Jewish-Christian encounters and Hebrew-Latin-vernacular manuscrips, including one in Multilingualism in Medieval Britain, ed. Jefferson and Putter (Brepols, 2013).

• Acknowledgments ...ixList of Abbreviations...xiNotes on Translations and Transliterations ...xiiiList of Illustrations ...xvIntroduction ...11.Herbert of Bosham’s Life and Works ...12.Christian Hebraisms ...63.The Hebraist Commentaries: The Magna Glosatura and the Psalterium Cum Commento ...19I.How Much Hebrew did Herbert Know? ...231.Transliteration of Hebrew Words ...232.Knowledge of Hebrew Grammar ...303.Lexical Changes: The Problems of Literal Translation ...45II.Hebrew Learning Tools ...551.Jerome ...552.Hebrew-Latin Psalters and the Eadwine Psalter ...623.Hebraico-French Glosses—Le‘azim ...674.Hebrew-Hebraico-French Glossaries and Proto-dictionaries 74III.The Use of Rabbinic Sources ...791.Magister and Litterator ...802.Rashi ...812.Midrash Tehillim ...1064.The Talmud/Gamaliel ...1135.The Targums ...1206.Menahem ben Saruq and Dunash ibn Labrat ...1267.Oral Sources ...130IV.Negotiating Christian and Jewish Authorities ...1371.Paul’s Neutralising Influence ...1382.Paul as Christianising Force ...1443.Paul versus the Litteratores ...1514.Herbert on the Fence? ...154V.The Practice of Literal Exegesis ...1611.Hebraist, Exegete and Polemicist ...1612.Littera and Peshat ...1773.Caro and Spiritus ...185Epilogue ...193Appendix 1.Lists of Hebrew and French Words ...199Appendix 2.Plates of London, St Paul s Cathedral Library, MS 2 ...203Bibliography ...207Index ...219