Jing Feng is a professor and chief at the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.Bo Wu is a professor of General Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplantation Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.Erlie Jiang is a professor of  Blood Diseases hospital, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.Wen Li is a professor of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.Chen Meng is a professor of Qilu Children’s hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

• Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in diagnostic interventional pulmonology.- Anatomic distribution and morphology of common tracheal/bronchial/pulmonary cells.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of bacterial infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of viral infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of fungal infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of mixed infection.- Limitations and future direction.

Jing Feng is a professor and chief at the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.Bo Wu is a professor of General Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplantation Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.Erlie Jiang is a professor of  Blood Diseases hospital, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.Wen Li is a professor of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.Chen Meng is a professor of Qilu Children’s hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

• Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in diagnostic interventional pulmonology.- Anatomic distribution and morphology of common tracheal/bronchial/pulmonary cells.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of bacterial infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of viral infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of fungal infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of mixed infection.- Limitations and future direction.

Jing Feng is a professor and chief at the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.Bo Wu is a professor of General Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplantation Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.Erlie Jiang is a professor of  Blood Diseases hospital, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.Wen Li is a professor of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.Chen Meng is a professor of Qilu Children’s hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

• Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in diagnostic interventional pulmonology.- Anatomic distribution and morphology of common tracheal/bronchial/pulmonary cells.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of bacterial infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of viral infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of fungal infection.- Clinical data, ROSE cytopathology and metagnomic sequencing analysis in diagnosis of mixed infection.- Limitations and future direction.