This book reviews the theory and practice on radiation protection and nuclear safety based on experimental case studies. It concentrates on research advances in radiation detection, radiation monitoring, radioactive waste treatment and disposal. It can both serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduates majoring in radiation protection and nuclear safety, nuclear engineering and technology, nuclear chemical engineering and nuclear fuel engineering and a reference for industry and institutes.The basis of English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the author for accuracy.