Racial Inequality in New York City since 1965

Benjamin P. Bowser is Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Social Services at California State University, East Bay. His many books include Gangster Rap and Its Social Cost: Exploiting Hip Hop and Using Racial Stereotypes to Entertain America. Chelli Devadutt is Co-Organizer of the Walter Stafford Project on Inequality in New York City at New York University.

• List of IllustrationsForewordJ. Phillip ThompsonAcknowledgmentsIntroductionBenjamin P. Bowser and Chelli DevaduttPart I. Structural Underpinnings of Inequality 1. Economy: Inequality in New York City: The Intersection of Race and ClassJames A. Parrott2. Housing: The Paradox of Inclusion and Segregation in the Nation’s Melting PotIngrid Gould Ellen, Jessica Yager, and Maxwell Austensen3. Education: New York City School Segregation Then and Now: Plus Ça Change Norman Fruchter and Christina MokhtarEducation AddendumImproving School Culture to Reduce Educational Disparities for Black and Latino Young MenAdriana Villavicencio, Shifra Goldenberg, and Sarah Klevan4. Government: Do Mayors Matter? Race, Justice, and the Men in City Hall, 1965–2017Jarrett MurphyPart II. The Race Mountains Introduction to Part 2Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán5. African Americans and Racialized Inequality in New York CityBenjamin P. Bowser6. Latino Americans: The Evolving Latino Population in New York CityHector R. Cordero-Guzmán7. West Indian Americans: Select Socioeconomic Characteristics of West Indian Immigration in New York CityCalvin Holder and Aubrey W. Bonnett8. Asian Americans: Immigration, Diversity, and DisparityHoward Shih9. Ethnic Conflict: How Much Exists in New York City?Benjamin P. Bowser, John Flateau, Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán, Howard Shih, Calvin Holder, and Aubrey W. BonnettPart III. Practice and Policy Introduction to Part 3Hector R. Cordero-Guzmán10. Policing: Stop and Frisk: Continuity of Racial Control and Reconstructed BlacknessNatalie P. ByfieldPolicing Addendum: Race-Based Discrimination in Expert Witness TestimonyGeorge W. Woods and Stephen Greenspan11. Public Health: Public Policy, HIV/AIDS, and the Destruction of Community in New York CityRobert FullilovePublic Health Addendum: Inequalities in Health and Access to Health Services in New York City: Change and ContinuityMichael K. Gusmano and Victor G. Rodwin12. Human Development Index: The Five New Yorks: Understanding Inequality by Place and Race in New York CityKristen Lewis and Sarah Burd-Sharps13. Public Housing: New York City’s Third CityVictor Bach14. Political Participation: Black New Yorkers: Fifty Years of Closing the Political Inequality Gap, 1965–2016John Flateau15. Social Capital, Gentrification, and Inequality in New York CityJames Rodriguez, Robert L. Hawkins, and Andrew WilkesConclusion and RecommendationsBenjamin P. Bowser and Chelli DevaduttContributorsIndex

"…the anthology aims to be an interdisciplinary resource that tackles numerous aspects of racial inequality in New York City. It succeeds in its mission and that despite the harrowing statistics and stories told, the book's last chapter with its dozens of pragmatic recommendations forces readers, most of whom are likely researchers and activists themselves, to confront what scholarship can do, here and now, to reduce racial inequality." — Gotham Center for New York City History"Through 15 chapters, scholars, policy experts, and activists recount both the good and bad events relating to race that have taken place since 1965, culminating with insights into policies and practices that offer a path toward greater equality. While the book focuses on New York City, it serves as a primer for the whole country, which is currently struggling to understand its racial history and to define a path forward … Highly recommended." — CHOICE"This book provides a broad and up-to-date survey of social and demographic trends in New York City. Unlike many other works, it crosses policy arenas and is not shy in advocating community action." — J. Phillip Thompson, New York City Deputy Mayor for Strategic Policy Initiatives