Racial and Religious Hate Crime

Wendy Laverick is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. She is developing an international research profile on transnational crime, hate crime and gender and policing scholarship and is the author of Global Injustice and Crime Control (Routledge, 2016). Peter Joyce is Visiting Professor in Criminology at Glyndŵr University, UK. He is widely published in Criminology and Politics, specialising in criminal justice, policing and the policing of protest. His recent books include The Policing of Protest, Disorder and International Terrorism (Palgrave 2016) and Criminal Justice: An Introduction (Routledge 2017, 3rd ed.). He served as a member of the Independent Police Ethics Committee in the Greater Manchester Police Force Area between 2014 and 2018.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Racism And Hate Crime.- 3. Immigration Control And Racially Motivated Hatred 1900 - To The Early 1960s.- 4. Racially Motivated Discrimination, Extremist Rhetoric And Immigration Control 1960 - To The Early 1980s.- 5. Policing, Social Disorder And Responding To Racially Motivated Offending In The 1980s And 1990s.- 6. Legislating Against Racially Aggravated Offending: From The Crime And Disorder Act 1998 To The Macpherson Report.- 7. Islamophobia And The Social Cohesion Agenda.- 8. Contemporary Political Extremism.- 9. The Response To Hate Crime: From 2010 – Brexit.- 10. Conclusion: Hate Crime: Brexit And Beyond.