Race on the Line

Gender, Labor, and Technology in the Bell System, 1880–1980

Inbunden, Engelska, 2001

Av Venus Green

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Race on the Line is the first book to address the convergence of race, gender, and technology in the telephone industry. Venus Green-a former Bell System employee and current labor historian-presents a hundred year history of telephone operators and their work processes, from the invention of the telephone in 1876 to the period immediately before the break-up of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1984. Green shows how, as technology changed from a manual process to a computerized one, sexual and racial stereotypes enabled management to manipulate both the workers and the workplace.More than a simple story of the impact of technology, Race on the Line combines oral history, personal experience, and archival research to weave a complicated history of how skill is constructed and how its meanings change within a rapidly expanding industry. Green discusses how women faced an environment where male union leaders displayed economic as well as gender biases and where racism served as a persistent system of division. Separated into chronological sections, the study moves from the early years when the Bell company gave both male and female workers opportunities to advance; to the era of the “white lady” image of the company, when African American women were excluded from the industry and feminist working-class consciousness among white women was consequently inhibited; to the computer era, a time when black women had waged a successful struggle to integrate the telephone operating system but faced technological displacement and unrewarding work. An important study of working-class American women during the twentieth century, this book will appeal to a wide audience, particularly students and scholars with interest in women’s history, labor history, African American history, the history of technology, and business history.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2001-05-02
Mått161 x 236 x 36 mm
Vikt975 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor392
FörlagDuke University Press
ISBN9780822325543

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Preface Ackowledgments Introduction Part I: The Beginnings of Telephony 1. “Hello Central”: The Beginning of a New Industry 2. “Hello Girls”: The Making of the Voice with a Smile 3. The “Ladies” Rebel: Unions and Resistance Part 2: The Dial Era, 1920–1960 4. “Goodbye Central”: Automating Telephone Service 5. The Bell System Family: The Formation of Employee Associations 6. The Dial Era Part 3: The Computer Era 7. Racial Integration and the Demise of the “White Lady” Image 8. Black Operators in the Computer Age Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

“Race on the Line is an extraordinary achievement. It sets a new standard for understandingf the impact of race, gender, and technological change on the labor process in American society.”-Joe W. Trotter, author of The African American Experience “A compelling, well-argued, and richly-documented study of the interplay between technology and the racial and sexual division of labor in one of the most important industries in the global economy. Green provides a powerful commentary as well on the contemporary uses of racism and affirmative action as vehicles for minimizing resistance to job displacements created by automation and computerization. A superb book!”-Nancy Hewitt, Rutgers University “Green has produced a study that enables us to understand concretely what differences race, class, and gender make in people’s work lives. Her special understanding of the technology and of the constraints and possibilities of work at the telephone company gives her arguments extra force. Finally, she does a magnificent job of showing the complexity of the considerations that motivates all parties involved, giving full attention to both multiple and shifting motivations.”-Susan Porter Benson, University of Connecticut